महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-127, verse-14

एकः कथंचिदुत्पन्नः पुत्रो जन्तुरयं मम ।
यतमानस्य सर्वासु किं नु दुःखमतः परम् ॥१४॥

14. ekaḥ kathaṁcidutpannaḥ putro janturayaṁ mama ,
yatamānasya sarvāsu kiṁ nu duḥkhamataḥ param.

14. ekaḥ kathaṃcit utpannaḥ putraḥ jantuḥ ayam mama
yatamānasya sarvāsu kim nu duḥkham ataḥ param

14. This one son of mine, a mere being, was somehow born after I had strived with all my wives. What greater sorrow could there be beyond this?

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - this one (one, single)

• कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow (with difficulty) (somehow, with difficulty, by chance)

• उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - born (born, arisen, produced)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a mere being (emphasizing vulnerability/insignificance) (creature, living being)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the son) (this (masculine))

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• यतमानस्य (yatamānasya) - for me, who was striving (of one striving, for one making effort)

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - with all (my wives) (among all (feminine))

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, which, why)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic, interrogative) (indeed, now, then, surely)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, misery)

• अतः (ataḥ) - beyond this, after this (hence, therefore, after this, from this)

• परम् (param) - beyond (beyond, higher, ultimate, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - this one (one, single)

(numeral)

कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow (with difficulty) (somehow, with difficulty, by chance)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

Note: Modifies `utpannaḥ`.

उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - born (born, arisen, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utpanna

utpanna - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

From √pad (to go, move) with upasarga ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: pad (class 4)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a mere being (emphasizing vulnerability/insignificance) (creature, living being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - creature, living being, man, animal

From √jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the son) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

First person singular pronoun, genitive.

यतमानस्य (yatamānasya) - for me, who was striving (of one striving, for one making effort)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, making effort, endeavoring

Present Middle Participle

From √yat (to strive, endeavor) with suffix -māna.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the speaker (mama).

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - with all (my wives) (among all (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Feminine locative plural, referring to the wives mentioned in the previous verse.

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, which, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Neuter nominative singular here, acting as a predicate.

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic, interrogative) (indeed, now, then, surely)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Adds emphasis to the question.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Literally 'bad axle-hole', hence 'unease'.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अतः (ataḥ) - beyond this, after this (hence, therefore, after this, from this)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Connects to `param`.

परम् (param) - beyond (beyond, higher, ultimate, supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - beyond, other, superior, ultimate, supreme

Here, used as an adjective modifying 'duḥkham'.