महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-117, verse-3

किं नु तैर्न कृतं पापं यैर्भवांस्तपसि स्थितः ।
अयुध्यमानो वृद्धः सन्हतः शरशतैः शितैः ॥३॥

3. kiṁ nu tairna kṛtaṁ pāpaṁ yairbhavāṁstapasi sthitaḥ ,
ayudhyamāno vṛddhaḥ sanhataḥ śaraśataiḥ śitaiḥ.

3. kim nu taiḥ na kṛtam pāpam yaiḥ bhavān tapasi sthitaḥ
ayudhyamānaḥ vṛddhaḥ san hataḥ śaraśataiḥ śitaiḥ

3. What sin indeed was not committed by those who killed you—an old man who was not fighting—with hundreds of sharp arrows, while you were engaged in severe austerities (tapas)?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - What? Why?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, certainly, oh, an interrogative particle

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those, by them

• न (na) - not, no

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, bad deed, misfortune

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which (plural)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), Sir

• तपसि (tapasi) - in austerity (tapas), in penance, in spiritual discipline

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated, standing, abiding, established

• अयुध्यमानः (ayudhyamānaḥ) - not fighting, not battling

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

• शरशतैः (śaraśataiḥ) - by hundreds of arrows

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted (arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - What? Why?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, certainly, oh, an interrogative particle

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those, by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with pāpam.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, bad deed, misfortune

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, bad deed, misfortune

यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which (plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), Sir

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor, Sir, being, becoming

Present Active Participle

Used as an honorific pronoun for the second person.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तपसि (tapasi) - in austerity (tapas), in penance, in spiritual discipline

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat, religious devotion

Root: tap (class 1)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated, standing, abiding, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, fixed, abiding, being in, established

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

अयुध्यमानः (ayudhyamānaḥ) - not fighting, not battling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayudhyamāna

ayudhyamāna - not fighting, abstaining from fighting

Present Middle Participle

Negated with 'a-' prefix. From root yudh (to fight).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yudhyamāna)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• yudhyamāna – fighting, battling
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, injured, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

शरशतैः (śaraśataiḥ) - by hundreds of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaraśata

śaraśata - hundreds of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+śata)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, keen, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen).

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with śaraśataiḥ.