महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-117, verse-1

राम उवाच ।
ममापराधात्तैः क्षुद्रैर्हतस्त्वं तात बालिशैः ।
कार्तवीर्यस्य दायादैर्वने मृग इवेषुभिः ॥१॥

1. rāma uvāca ,
mamāparādhāttaiḥ kṣudrairhatastvaṁ tāta bāliśaiḥ ,
kārtavīryasya dāyādairvane mṛga iveṣubhiḥ.

1. rāma uvāca mama aparādhāt taiḥ kṣudraiḥ hataḥ tvam tāta
bāliśaiḥ kārtavīryasya dāyādaiḥ vane mṛgaḥ iva iṣubhiḥ

1. Rāma said: 'O father, due to my offense, you have been killed by those vile, foolish heirs of Kārtavīrya, just like a deer (mṛga) in the forest is killed by arrows.'

Words meanings summery:

• राम (rāma) - Rāma (Paraśurāma) (Rāma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• अपराधात् (aparādhāt) - due to fault, from an offense

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the heirs of Kārtavīrya) (by them)

• क्षुद्रैः (kṣudraiḥ) - by the vile ones, by the lowly ones

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (father Jamadagni) (you)

• तात (tāta) - O father, dear one

• बालिशैः (bāliśaiḥ) - by the foolish ones, by the childish ones

• कार्तवीर्यस्य (kārtavīryasya) - of Kārtavīrya (Arjuna) (of Kārtavīrya)

• दायादैः (dāyādaiḥ) - by the heirs, by the sons

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - a deer, a wild animal

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

राम (rāma) - Rāma (Paraśurāma) (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - name of Paraśurāma

Note: The speaker is Paraśurāma, also known as Rāma.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root `vac`, reduplicated for perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

अपराधात् (aparādhāt) - due to fault, from an offense

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, transgression

`apa` (away) + `rādh` (to succeed, offend)

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Expresses cause.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the heirs of Kārtavīrya) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agent in passive construction.

क्षुद्रैः (kṣudraiḥ) - by the vile ones, by the lowly ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, vile, base, lowly

Note: Qualifies `taiḥ`.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

han - to strike, kill

Past Passive Participle

derived from root `han` (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `tvam`. Predicative.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (father Jamadagni) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Jamadagni.

तात (tāta) - O father, dear one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (vocative of affection)

बालिशैः (bāliśaiḥ) - by the foolish ones, by the childish ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāliśa

bāliśa - foolish, childish, ignorant

Note: Qualifies `taiḥ`.

कार्तवीर्यस्य (kārtavīryasya) - of Kārtavīrya (Arjuna) (of Kārtavīrya)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kārtavīrya

kārtavīrya - son of Kṛtavīrya, name of a powerful king (Arjuna)

patronymic from Kṛtavīrya

Note: Refers to Kārtavīrya Arjuna.

दायादैः (dāyādaiḥ) - by the heirs, by the sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dāyāda

dāyāda - heir, inheritor, son

`dāya` (heritage) + `āda` (taking)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāya+āda)

• dāya – heritage, inheritance, gift
  noun (masculine)
  from `dā` (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• āda – taking, receiving, eating
  adjective (masculine)
  from root `ad` (to eat) or `dā` (to give, taking something)
  Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - a deer, a wild animal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal

Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agent in simile's passive construction.