महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-108, verse-18

एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं गङ्गा त्रिपथगा यथा ।
पूरणार्थं समुद्रस्य पृथिवीमवतारिता ॥१८॥

18. etatte sarvamākhyātaṁ gaṅgā tripathagā yathā ,
pūraṇārthaṁ samudrasya pṛthivīmavatāritā.

18. etat te sarvam ākhyātam gaṅgā tripathagā yathā
pūraṇārtham samudrasya pṛthivīm avatāritā

18. All this has been recounted to you: how Gaṅgā, who flows in three paths, was brought down to the earth for the purpose of filling the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this matter

• ते (te) - to you

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been recounted, explained

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā

• त्रिपथगा (tripathagā) - flowing in three paths

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

• पूरणार्थम् (pūraṇārtham) - for the purpose of filling

• समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - to the earth

• अवतारिता (avatāritā) - brought down, descended

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this matter

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, such

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been recounted, explained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - told, narrated, explained, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From root khyā with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the Gaṅgā river

त्रिपथगा (tripathagā) - flowing in three paths

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tripathaga

tripathaga - flowing in three ways (heaven, earth, underworld), tripartite path

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+patha+ga)

• tri – three
  numeral
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, traversing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root gam (to go) as a suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

पूरणार्थम् (pūraṇārtham) - for the purpose of filling

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūraṇārtha

pūraṇārtha - for the purpose of filling, for fulfilling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūraṇa+artha)

• pūraṇa – filling, fulfilling
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root pūr (to fill)
  Root: pūr (class 10)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to denote purpose.

समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - to the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land

अवतारिता (avatāritā) - brought down, descended

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avatārita

avatārita - brought down, caused to descend

Past Passive Participle (causative)

P.P.P. of the causative of ava-tṛ (to cross down, descend)

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Gaṅgā.