महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-108, verse-10

सा बभूव विसर्पन्ती त्रिधा राजन्समुद्रगा ।
फेनपुञ्जाकुलजला हंसानामिव पङ्क्तयः ॥१०॥

10. sā babhūva visarpantī tridhā rājansamudragā ,
phenapuñjākulajalā haṁsānāmiva paṅktayaḥ.

10. sā babhūva visarpantī tridhā rājan samudragā
phenapuñjākulajalā haṃsānām iva paṅktayaḥ

10. O king, she (Ganga) flowed, dividing into three ocean-bound streams. Her waters, agitated by masses of foam, appeared like lines of swans.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine, nominative singular)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• विसर्पन्ती (visarpantī) - flowing, spreading, moving

• त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, threefold, into three parts

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• समुद्रगा (samudragā) - going to the ocean, ocean-bound

• फेनपुञ्जाकुलजला (phenapuñjākulajalā) - whose waters were agitated by masses of foam, having waters crowded with heaps of foam

• हंसानाम् (haṁsānām) - of swans

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• पङ्क्तयः (paṅktayaḥ) - rows, lines, series

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine, nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Active

reduplicated perfect

Root: bhū (class 1)

विसर्पन्ती (visarpantī) - flowing, spreading, moving

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of visarpant

visarpant - flowing, spreading

Present Active Participle

vi + sarp (to creep, move slowly)

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Describing Gaṅgā.

त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, threefold, into three parts

(indeclinable)

from tri (three) + suffix -dhā

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

समुद्रगा (samudragā) - going to the ocean, ocean-bound

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of samudragā

samudragā - going to the ocean, ocean-bound

compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (samudra+gā)

• samudra – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• gā – going, moving
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of -ga (one who goes), from root gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describing Gaṅgā.

फेनपुञ्जाकुलजला (phenapuñjākulajalā) - whose waters were agitated by masses of foam, having waters crowded with heaps of foam

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of phenapuñjākulajalā

phenapuñjākulajalā - having waters agitated by masses of foam

compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (phena+puñja+ākula+jala)

• phena – foam, froth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sphāy (class 1)
• puñja – heap, mass, collection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: puñj (class 1)
• ākula – agitated, confused, crowded, teeming
  adjective
  ā + kula (to gather)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jal (class 1)

Note: Describing Gaṅgā.

हंसानाम् (haṁsānām) - of swans

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose

Root: han (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

पङ्क्तयः (paṅktayaḥ) - rows, lines, series

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paṅkti

paṅkti - row, line, series

Root: pañj (class 1)