महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-6, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
संपूज्याथाभ्यनुज्ञातो महर्षेर्वचनात्परम् ।
प्रत्युवाचानुपूर्व्येण धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
saṁpūjyāthābhyanujñāto maharṣervacanātparam ,
pratyuvācānupūrvyeṇa dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca saṃpūjya atha abhyanujñātaḥ maharṣeḥ
vacanāt param pratyuvāca ānupūrvyena dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having paid due respect and then received permission, after the great sage (maharṣi) had concluded his words, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharmarāja), replied in due order.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• संपूज्य (saṁpūjya) - having honored, having worshipped, having revered

• अथ (atha) - then, thereafter, next, moreover

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned, given leave

• महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage

• वचनात् (vacanāt) - after the words (speech) of the sage (from the word, from the speech, after the utterance)

• परम् (param) - after, beyond, subsequently

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

• आनुपूर्व्येन (ānupūrvyena) - in due order, sequentially, according to sequence

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, known as Dharmarāja (king of righteousness, king of dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a prominent sage, disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

संपूज्य (saṁpūjya) - having honored, having worshipped, having revered

(indeclinable)

absolutive (lyap)

Absolutive (gerund) form from root 'pūj' with prefix 'sam'. The '-ya' ending indicates a prefixed absolutive.

Prefix: sam

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Indicates a prior action by Yudhiṣṭhira.

अथ (atha) - then, thereafter, next, moreover

(indeclinable)

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned, given leave

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned, given leave

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'jñā' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'anu'.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmarājaḥ Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, eminent seer, venerated ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, eminent
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet, ascetic
  noun (masculine)

Note: Genitive modifying 'vacanāt'.

वचनात् (vacanāt) - after the words (speech) of the sage (from the word, from the speech, after the utterance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, declaration, utterance

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-ana'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the source or temporal point ('after').

परम् (param) - after, beyond, subsequently

(indeclinable)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice (parasmaipada), from prefix 'prati-' and root 'vac'.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The main verb of Yudhiṣṭhira's action.

आनुपूर्व्येन (ānupūrvyena) - in due order, sequentially, according to sequence

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ānupūrvya

ānupūrvya - regular order, succession, sequence, proper arrangement

Derived from the adjective 'anupūrva' with abstract noun suffix '-ya'.

Note: Adverbial instrumental, meaning 'in due order' or 'sequentially'.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, known as Dharmarāja (king of righteousness, king of dharma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of natural law (dharma), a title for Yudhiṣṭhira, or Yama (god of death)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira ('firm in battle'), eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, a virtuous king

Compound type : aluk tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Co-referential with 'dharmarājaḥ'.