महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-55, verse-2

यद्वै पुरा जातमात्रो रुराव गोमायुवद्विस्वरं पापचेताः ।
दुर्योधनो भारतानां कुलघ्नः सोऽयं युक्तो भविता कालहेतुः ॥२॥

2. yadvai purā jātamātro rurāva; gomāyuvadvisvaraṁ pāpacetāḥ ,
duryodhano bhāratānāṁ kulaghnaḥ; so'yaṁ yukto bhavitā kālahetuḥ.

2. yat vai purā jātamatraḥ rurāva
gomāyuvat visvaram pāpacetāḥ
duryodhanaḥ bhāratānām kulaghnaḥ
saḥ ayam yuktaḥ bhavitā kālahetuḥ

2. Indeed, this very Duryodhana, that evil-minded (pāpacetas) destroyer of the Bharata lineage, who long ago, immediately upon birth, howled with a terrible cry like a jackal—he will certainly be the agent of destruction (kāla-hetu).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - Referring to Duryodhana. (who, which)

• वै (vai) - Emphatic particle, drawing attention to a known fact. (indeed, certainly, surely)

• पुरा (purā) - Referring to the time of Duryodhana's birth. (formerly, anciently, long ago)

• जातमत्रः (jātamatraḥ) - Describes Duryodhana's initial ominous cry right after birth. (as soon as born, immediately after birth)

• रुराव (rurāva) - Refers to the inauspicious cry Duryodhana made at birth. (howled, roared, cried out)

• गोमायुवत् (gomāyuvat) - Describes the ominous and unsettling nature of Duryodhana's cry. Jackals are often associated with ill omens. (like a jackal)

• विस्वरम् (visvaram) - Emphasizes the unpleasant and ominous nature of the cry. (with a discordant sound, inharmoniously, a terrible cry)

• पापचेताः (pāpacetāḥ) - Describes Duryodhana's malevolent intrinsic nature (dharma). (evil-minded, wicked-hearted)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhritarashtra, the principal antagonist of the Pandavas. (Duryodhana (name))

• भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - Refers to the Kuru lineage, of which Duryodhana is a member. (of the Bharatas, of the descendants of Bharata)

• कुलघ्नः (kulaghnaḥ) - Duryodhana is prophesied to be the cause of his own family's destruction. (destroyer of the family, slayer of the lineage)

• सः (saḥ) - Referring back to Duryodhana, emphasizing identification. (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - Emphasizes "this very one" or "he himself." Used with 'saḥ' for strong emphasis. (this, he)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - Will be suited or destined to be the cause of destruction. (joined, connected, fitted, proper, engaged)

• भविता (bhavitā) - Expresses a definite future outcome regarding Duryodhana's role. (he will be, he shall be)

• कालहेतुः (kālahetuḥ) - Duryodhana will be the direct cause or instrument of the impending destruction brought about by destiny. (cause of time, instrument of time, cause of destruction)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - Referring to Duryodhana. (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that

वै (vai) - Emphatic particle, drawing attention to a known fact. (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

पुरा (purā) - Referring to the time of Duryodhana's birth. (formerly, anciently, long ago)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Adverb of time.

जातमत्रः (jātamatraḥ) - Describes Duryodhana's initial ominous cry right after birth. (as soon as born, immediately after birth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jātamatra

jātamatra - as soon as born, merely born, just born

Compound of jāta (born) and mātra (mere, only).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (jāta+mātra)

• jāta – born, produced, occurred
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• mātra – mere, only, just, quantity
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

रुराव (rurāva) - Refers to the inauspicious cry Duryodhana made at birth. (howled, roared, cried out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ru

Third person singular, perfect tense, active voice of √ru (to cry, howl).

Root: ru (class 2)

गोमायुवत् (gomāyuvat) - Describes the ominous and unsettling nature of Duryodhana's cry. Jackals are often associated with ill omens. (like a jackal)

(indeclinable)

Formed from gomāyu (jackal) with the suffix -vat (like, as).

Note: Adverbial usage.

विस्वरम् (visvaram) - Emphasizes the unpleasant and ominous nature of the cry. (with a discordant sound, inharmoniously, a terrible cry)

(indeclinable)

Compound of vi (prefix for separation/negation) and svara (sound, tone).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vi+svara)

• vi – apart, asunder, away, dis-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or negation.
• svara – sound, tone, voice, note
  noun (masculine)
  From √svṛ (to sound).
  Root: svṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbially modifying 'rurāva'.

पापचेताः (pāpacetāḥ) - Describes Duryodhana's malevolent intrinsic nature (dharma). (evil-minded, wicked-hearted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpacetas

pāpacetas - evil-minded, wicked-hearted, having a sinful mind

Bahuvrihi compound of pāpa (sinful) and cetas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+cetas)

• pāpa – evil, wicked, sinful, bad
  adjective (neuter)
• cetas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  From √cit (to perceive, understand).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhritarashtra, the principal antagonist of the Pandavas. (Duryodhana (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - difficult to conquer or fight; Name of the eldest Kaurava.

Compound of dur (difficult) and yodhana (fighting).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From √yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The primary subject of the sentence.

भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - Refers to the Kuru lineage, of which Duryodhana is a member. (of the Bharatas, of the descendants of Bharata)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a member of the Bharata clan (Kurus)

Derived from Bharata.

Note: Qualifies 'kulaghnaḥ'.

कुलघ्नः (kulaghnaḥ) - Duryodhana is prophesied to be the cause of his own family's destruction. (destroyer of the family, slayer of the lineage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kulaghna

kulaghna - destroyer of a family, slayer of a lineage

Compound of kula (family) and ghna (slayer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+ghna)

• kula – family, lineage, race, clan
  noun (neuter)
• ghna – killing, destroying, slayer
  adjective (masculine)
  From √han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - Referring back to Duryodhana, emphasizing identification. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of tad.

Note: Coreferential with Duryodhana.

अयम् (ayam) - Emphasizes "this very one" or "he himself." Used with 'saḥ' for strong emphasis. (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of idam.

Note: Used with 'saḥ' for added emphasis.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - Will be suited or destined to be the cause of destruction. (joined, connected, fitted, proper, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, engaged, connected, fit, proper, suitable, endowed with (yoga)

Past Passive Participle

From √yuj (to join, connect).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicative adjective with 'bhavitā'.

भविता (bhavitā) - Expresses a definite future outcome regarding Duryodhana's role. (he will be, he shall be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic future (luṭ) of bhū

Third person singular, periphrastic future tense, active voice of √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

कालहेतुः (kālahetuḥ) - Duryodhana will be the direct cause or instrument of the impending destruction brought about by destiny. (cause of time, instrument of time, cause of destruction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālahetu

kālahetu - cause of time, instrument of destiny, cause of destruction

Compound of kāla (time, destiny) and hetu (cause, reason).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+hetu)

• kāla – time, season, death, destiny
  noun (masculine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, instrument
  noun (masculine)
  From √hi (to send, urge, move).
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Predicative noun with 'bhavitā'.