महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-55, verse-12

हिरण्यष्ठीविनः कश्चित्पक्षिणो वनगोचरान् ।
गृहे किल कृतावासाँल्लोभाद्राजन्नपीडयत् ॥१२॥

12. hiraṇyaṣṭhīvinaḥ kaścitpakṣiṇo vanagocarān ,
gṛhe kila kṛtāvāsāँllobhādrājannapīḍayat.

12. hiraṇyaṣṭhīvinaḥ kaścit pakṣiṇaḥ vanagocarān
gṛhe kila kṛtāvāsān lobhāt rājan apīḍayat

12. O king, it is said that a certain greedy man oppressed some gold-spitting birds that frequented the forest but had made their dwelling in his house.

12. אדם מסוים, הו מלך, ייסר מתוך חמדנות ציפורים שהפרישו זהב, חיות יער שעשו להן משכן בביתו.

Words meanings summery:

• हिरण्यष्ठीविनः (hiraṇyaṣṭhīvinaḥ) - gold-spitting, gold-producing

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some, someone

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

• वनगोचरान् (vanagocarān) - forest-dwelling, moving in the forest

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

• किल (kila) - indeed, it is said, verily, truly

• कृतावासान् (kṛtāvāsān) - having made their dwelling, who had built a home

• लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, out of greed

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - he oppressed, he tormented, he harassed

Words meanings and morphology

हिरण्यष्ठीविनः (hiraṇyaṣṭhīvinaḥ) - gold-spitting, gold-producing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hiraṇyaṣṭhīvin

hiraṇyaṣṭhīvin - gold-spitting, gold-producing

`n`-stem adjective derived from `hiraṇya` (gold) and `ṣṭhīvin` (spitting)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hiraṇya+ṣṭhīvin)

• hiraṇya – gold
  noun (neuter)
• ṣṭhīvin – spitting, spitter
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root `ṣṭhīv-` (to spit)
  Root: ṣṭhīv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pakṣiṇaḥ'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, a certain (one)

`cid` particle appended to `kim` (interrogative pronoun) to form indefinite pronoun

Note: Refers to the implied subject of 'apīḍayat'.

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Note: Object of 'apīḍayat'.

वनगोचरान् (vanagocarān) - forest-dwelling, moving in the forest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vanagocara

vanagocara - forest-dwelling, moving in the forest, forest-ranger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – moving, frequenting, range, scope
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `car-` (to move) with prefix `go-` (as in cattle-range, or general range/sphere)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pakṣiṇaḥ'.

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

किल (kila) - indeed, it is said, verily, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating hearsay or emphasis.

कृतावासान् (kṛtāvāsān) - having made their dwelling, who had built a home

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṛtāvāsa

kṛtāvāsa - having made a dwelling, one whose dwelling is made

`Bahuvrihi` compound of `kṛta` (made) and `āvāsa` (dwelling). Means "whose dwelling is made".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+āvāsa)

• kṛta – made, done
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `kṛ-` (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• āvāsa – dwelling, residence, home
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `vas-` (to dwell) with prefix `ā-`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pakṣiṇaḥ'.

लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, out of greed

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, covetousness, desire

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause of the action 'apīḍayat'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

`n`-stem noun

Note: Addressing the listener (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - he oppressed, he tormented, he harassed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pīḍay

Causative

Causative stem from root `pīḍ` (to suffer, to be pressed)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: The `a-` is the augment for past tenses.

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