महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-2, verse-23

अकामा इव पार्थास्ते गोविन्दगतमानसाः ।
निवृत्योपययुः सर्वे स्वपुरं पुरुषर्षभाः ।
स्यन्दनेनाथ कृष्णोऽपि समये द्वारकामगात् ॥२३॥

23. akāmā iva pārthāste govindagatamānasāḥ ,
nivṛtyopayayuḥ sarve svapuraṁ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ,
syandanenātha kṛṣṇo'pi samaye dvārakāmagāt.

23. akāmāḥ iva pārthāḥ te govindagatamanasāḥ
nivṛtya upayayuḥ sarve
svapuram puruṣarṣabhāḥ syandanena
atha kṛṣṇaḥ api samaye dvārakām agāt

23. Though their minds were completely absorbed in Govinda (Kṛṣṇa), those Pārthas, the foremost of men, returned to their own city as if they had no other desires. Then, Kṛṣṇa also, by chariot, departed for Dvārakā in due course.

Words meanings summery:

• अकामाः (akāmāḥ) - desireless, without desires

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

• ते (te) - those, they

• गोविन्दगतमनसाः (govindagatamanasāḥ) - whose minds were fixed on Govinda

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

• उपययुः (upayayuḥ) - they went, they approached

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - to their own city

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - foremost among men, bulls among men

• स्यन्दनेन (syandanena) - by chariot, with a chariot

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• समये (samaye) - at the right time, in due course, on occasion

• द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - to Dvārakā

• अगात् (agāt) - went, proceeded

Words meanings and morphology

अकामाः (akāmāḥ) - desireless, without desires

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akāma

akāma - without desire, desireless, disinterested

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kāma' (desire).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From √kam (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthāḥ' and 'puruṣarṣabhāḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison or approximation.

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (an epithet for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the Pārthas.

गोविन्दगतमनसाः (govindagatamanasāḥ) - whose minds were fixed on Govinda

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of govindagatamanas

govindagatamanas - having one's mind gone to Govinda, absorbed in Govinda

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (govinda+gata+manas)

• govinda – Govinda (epithet of Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Literally 'cow-finder' or 'cow-protector'.
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthāḥ'.

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from prefix 'ni' + root 'vṛt'. The 'tya' ending indicates an absolutive, typically used when the prefix is present.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverb, indicating a prior action.

उपययुः (upayayuḥ) - they went, they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of upa-i

Prefix 'upa' + root 'i' (to go). Perfect tense form.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'pārthāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'pārthāḥ'.

स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - to their own city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svapura

svapura - one's own city

Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'pura' (city).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+pura)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• pura – city, town, stronghold
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'upayayuḥ', implying motion towards.

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - foremost among men, bulls among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, chief of men, eminent man

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for the Pārthas.

स्यन्दनेन (syandanena) - by chariot, with a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of syandana

syandana - flowing, moving, chariot

From root √syand (to flow, move).

Root: syand (class 1)

Note: Means of transport.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence or commencement.

Note: Connects the previous action with Kṛṣṇa's departure.

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a name of Viṣṇu/Vāsudeva), dark, black

Root: kṛṣ (class 6)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes that Kṛṣṇa also departed.

समये (samaye) - at the right time, in due course, on occasion

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - time, appointed time, occasion, convention, agreement

From prefix 'sam' + root 'i' (to go).

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates timing.

द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - to Dvārakā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dvārakā

dvārakā - Dvārakā (a city, capital of Kṛṣṇa's kingdom)

Note: Destination of Kṛṣṇa's journey.

अगात् (agāt) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (Luṅ) of gam

Aorist form of √gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Verb for Kṛṣṇa.