महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-43, verse-2

स राजा राजधर्मांश्च ब्रह्मोपनिषदं तथा ।
अवाप्तवान्नरश्रेष्ठो बुद्धिनिश्चयमेव च ॥२॥

2. sa rājā rājadharmāṁśca brahmopaniṣadaṁ tathā ,
avāptavānnaraśreṣṭho buddhiniścayameva ca.

2. saḥ rājā rājadharmān ca brahma upaniṣadam tathā
avāptavān naraśreṣṭhaḥ buddhiniscayam eva ca

2. saḥ rājā naraśreṣṭhaḥ rājadharmān ca tathā brahma
upaniṣadam ca eva ca buddhiniscayam avāptavān

2. That king, the best among men, obtained the royal duties (rājadharma), the secret knowledge of brahman (brahmopaniṣad), and also firm resolve of intellect (buddhiniscaya).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he (masc. nom. sg.)

• राजा (rājā) - king, monarch

• राजधर्मान् (rājadharmān) - royal duties (rājadharma) (royal duties, principles of kingship (acc. pl.))

• च (ca) - and, also

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - of brahman, sacred knowledge (gen. sg. or compound part)

• उपनिषदम् (upaniṣadam) - mystic doctrine, secret teaching (acc. sg.)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and also, similarly

• अवाप्तवान् (avāptavān) - he obtained, he attained

• नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - best among men, chief of men

• बुद्धिनिस्चयम् (buddhiniscayam) - firm resolve of intellect (buddhiniscaya) (firm resolve of intellect, determination of mind (acc. sg.))

• एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only, just

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he (masc. nom. sg.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of avāptavān.

राजा (rājā) - king, monarch

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, monarch

Irregular n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

राजधर्मान् (rājadharmān) - royal duties (rājadharma) (royal duties, principles of kingship (acc. pl.))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājadharma

rājadharma - royal duties, duties of a king, kingly laws/constitution

Compound of rājan (king) + dharma (duty, law).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, monarch
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support) + man (suffix).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्म (brahma) - of brahman, sacred knowledge (gen. sg. or compound part)

(noun)

neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - brahman, ultimate reality, sacred word, Veda, prayer

n-stem noun, neuter gender, brahma is the stem form used in compounds.

Root: bṛh

उपनिषदम् (upaniṣadam) - mystic doctrine, secret teaching (acc. sg.)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaniṣad

upaniṣad - secret doctrine, mystic knowledge, Upanishad (sacred text)

From upa (near) + ni (down) + sad (to sit), referring to sitting near a teacher for secret instruction.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (brahman+upaniṣad)

• upa – near, toward
  indeclinable
  Preverb
• ni – down, into
  indeclinable
  Preverb
• sad – to sit, to settle
  verb
  Root
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of avāptavān.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and also, similarly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

Note: Used similarly to ca.

अवाप्तवान् (avāptavān) - he obtained, he attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avāptavat

avāptavat - having obtained, having attained

Past Active Participle (Perfect)

From root āp (to obtain) with upasarga ava + kṛt suffix ktavatu.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject is saḥ rājā naraśreṣṭhaḥ.

नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - best among men, chief of men

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men, chief of men, excellent man

Compound of nara (man) + śreṣṭha (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, male, person
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent), related to śri (to depend on).
  Root: śri (class 1)

बुद्धिनिस्चयम् (buddhiniscayam) - firm resolve of intellect (buddhiniscaya) (firm resolve of intellect, determination of mind (acc. sg.))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of buddhiniscaya

buddhiniscaya - firm resolve, determination, certainty of intellect

Compound of buddhi (intellect) + niścaya (certainty, ascertainment).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (buddhi+niścaya)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  nomen actionis
  From root budh (to know) + kti suffix.
  Root: budh (class 1)
• niścaya – certainty, firm resolve, ascertainment
  noun (masculine)
  nomen actionis
  From root ci (to gather) with upasargas ni + śa.
  Prefixes: ni+śam
  Root: ci (class 5)

एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)