महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-43, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अदृष्ट्वा तु नृपः पुत्रान्दर्शनं प्रतिलब्धवान् ।
ऋषिप्रसादात्पुत्राणां स्वरूपाणां कुरूद्वह ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
adṛṣṭvā tu nṛpaḥ putrāndarśanaṁ pratilabdhavān ,
ṛṣiprasādātputrāṇāṁ svarūpāṇāṁ kurūdvaha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca adṛṣṭvā tu nṛpaḥ putrān darśanam
pratilabdhavān ṛṣiprasādāt putrāṇām svarūpāṇām kurūdvaha

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca he kurūdvaha nṛpaḥ tu putrān adṛṣṭvā
api ṛṣiprasādāt svarūpāṇām putrāṇām darśanam pratilabdhavān

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: O best of Kurus (Kurūdvaha), the king, without having seen his sons, obtained a vision of them in their true forms, by the grace of the sage.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अदृष्ट्वा (adṛṣṭvā) - without having seen, not having seen

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (acc. pl.)

• दर्शनम् (darśanam) - vision, sight, appearance

• प्रतिलब्धवान् (pratilabdhavān) - he obtained, he regained

• ऋषिप्रसादात् (ṛṣiprasādāt) - by the grace of the sage

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of the sons

• स्वरूपाणाम् (svarūpāṇām) - of the true forms, of their own nature

• कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O best of Kurus, O leader of Kurus

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa and narrator of the Mahabharata.

Descendant of Viśampāyana.

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice (Lit)

From root vac (Adādi, 2nd class). Forms uvāca as its perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

अदृष्ट्वा (adṛṣṭvā) - without having seen, not having seen

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive) with negation

From root dṛś (Tudādi, 1st class) with suffix ktvā (tvā), prefixed by a- for negation.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dṛṣṭvā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dṛṣṭvā – having seen
  indeclinable
  Gerund (Absolutive)
  From root dṛś with suffix ktvā (tvā).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies nṛpaḥ.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch, ruler

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector), lit. 'protector of men'.

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root pā (to protect) + suffix a.
  Root: pā (class 1)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (acc. pl.)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

दर्शनम् (darśanam) - vision, sight, appearance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, looking, perception, vision, appearance

nomen actionis

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix ana.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रतिलब्धवान् (pratilabdhavān) - he obtained, he regained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratilabdhavat

pratilabdhavat - having obtained, having regained

Past Active Participle (Perfect)

From root labh (to obtain) with upasarga prati + kṛt suffix ktavatu.

Prefix: prati

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb, subject is nṛpaḥ.

ऋषिप्रसादात् (ṛṣiprasādāt) - by the grace of the sage

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ṛṣiprasāda

ṛṣiprasāda - the grace of a sage

Compound noun.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+prasāda)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)
• prasāda – grace, favor, clearness, serenity
  noun (masculine)
  nomen actionis
  From root sad (to sit) with upasargas pra + sa.
  Prefixes: pra+sa
  Root: sad (class 1)

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of the sons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Possessive, defining whose forms are seen.

स्वरूपाणाम् (svarūpāṇām) - of the true forms, of their own nature

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of svarūpa

svarūpa - own form, true nature, intrinsic character, identity

Compound of sva (own) + rūpa (form).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+rūpa)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Also relates to darśanam.

कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O best of Kurus, O leader of Kurus

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurūdvaha

kurūdvaha - leader of the Kurus, best of the Kurus

Compound of kuru (name of a dynasty/people) + udvaha (bearer, leader, best). Used in vocative.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuru+udvaha)

• kuru – Name of an ancient king and his dynasty; the Kuru people
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearer, leader, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vah (to carry) with upasarga ud.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)