महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-37, verse-12

तस्य भार्याशतमिदं पुत्रशोकसमाहतम् ।
पुनः पुनर्वर्धयानं शोकं राज्ञो ममैव च ।
तेनारम्भेण महता मामुपास्ते महामुने ॥१२॥

12. tasya bhāryāśatamidaṁ putraśokasamāhatam ,
punaḥ punarvardhayānaṁ śokaṁ rājño mamaiva ca ,
tenārambheṇa mahatā māmupāste mahāmune.

12. tasya bhāryā-śatam idam putra-śoka-samāhatam
punaḥ punaḥ vardhayānam
śokam rājñaḥ mama eva ca tena
ārambheṇa mahatā mām upāste mahā-mune

12. mahā-mune idam tasya putra-śoka-samāhatam
bhāryā-śatam punaḥ punaḥ
rājñaḥ mama eva ca śokam vardhayānam
tena mahatā ārambheṇa mām upāste

12. This multitude of his wives, struck by the sorrow for their sons, repeatedly intensifies the grief of both the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) and myself. O great sage (muni), by that enormous undertaking (the war), he (Duryodhana) now afflicts me.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Duryodhana (his, of him)

• भार्या-शतम् (bhāryā-śatam) - the many wives related to Duryodhana and his brothers (a hundred wives, many wives)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• पुत्र-शोक-समाहतम् (putra-śoka-samāhatam) - struck by grief for sons, overcome by sorrow for sons

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• वर्धयानम् (vardhayānam) - causing to increase (increasing, causing to grow)

• शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (of the king)

• मम (mama) - of myself (the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (my, of me)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• च (ca) - and, also

• तेन (tena) - by that

• आरम्भेण (ārambheṇa) - by the great war (by the undertaking, by the enterprise)

• महता (mahatā) - by the great, enormous

• माम् (mām) - me (the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (me)

• उपास्ते (upāste) - afflicts, besieges, troubles (serves, worships, attends, assails)

• महा-मुने (mahā-mune) - O great sage (muni) (addressed to Sanjaya or Vyasa) (O great sage)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Duryodhana (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

भार्या-शतम् (bhāryā-śatam) - the many wives related to Duryodhana and his brothers (a hundred wives, many wives)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhāryā-śata

bhāryā-śata - a hundred wives

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhāryā+śata)

• bhāryā – wife, married woman
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  from bhṛ (to bear, support) + ṇyaT suffix, meaning 'one to be supported'
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Treated as a collective singular.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'bhāryā-śatam'.

पुत्र-शोक-समाहतम् (putra-śoka-samāhatam) - struck by grief for sons, overcome by sorrow for sons

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of putra-śoka-samāhata

putra-śoka-samāhata - struck by grief for sons

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka+samāhata)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samāhata – struck, afflicted, overwhelmed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam-ā-han (to strike, beat together)
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāryā-śatam'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with previous 'punaḥ' for emphasis.

वर्धयानम् (vardhayānam) - causing to increase (increasing, causing to grow)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vardhayāṇa

vardhayāṇa - increasing, causing to grow

Present Active Participle (Causative)

from causative of vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāryā-śatam' in its action, which is the implicit subject of this participle.

शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vardhayānam'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

मम (mama) - of myself (the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Refers to the speaker (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'mama'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rājñaḥ' and 'mama'.

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'ārambheṇa'.

आरम्भेण (ārambheṇa) - by the great war (by the undertaking, by the enterprise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ārambha

ārambha - undertaking, enterprise, beginning

from ā-rabh (to begin, undertake)

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the war.

महता (mahatā) - by the great, enormous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, enormous

Note: Agrees with 'ārambheṇa'.

माम् (mām) - me (the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Object of 'upāste'.

उपास्ते (upāste) - afflicts, besieges, troubles (serves, worships, attends, assails)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upāste

from upa-ās (to sit near, attend upon, serve, besiege)

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

महा-मुने (mahā-mune) - O great sage (muni) (addressed to Sanjaya or Vyasa) (O great sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahā-muni

mahā-muni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Sanjaya or Vyasa.