महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-37, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तच्छ्रुत्वा विविधं तस्य राजर्षेः परिदेवितम् ।
पुनर्नवीकृतः शोको गान्धार्या जनमेजय ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tacchrutvā vividhaṁ tasya rājarṣeḥ paridevitam ,
punarnavīkṛtaḥ śoko gāndhāryā janamejaya.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tat śrutvā vividham tasya rājarṣeḥ
paridevitam punaḥ navīkṛtaḥ śokaḥ gāndhāryā janamejaya

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca: janamejaya,
tat tasya rājarṣeḥ vividham paridevitam śrutvā,
gāndhāryā śokaḥ punaḥ navīkṛtaḥ.

1. Vaishampayana spoke: O Janamejaya, upon hearing those various lamentations of that royal sage (rājarṣi), Gandhari's grief (śoka) was renewed.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• तत् (tat) - those (that, this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard, having listened)

• विविधम् (vividham) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (his, of him)

• राजर्षेः (rājarṣeḥ) - of that royal sage (of the royal sage)

• परिदेवितम् (paridevitam) - lamentations (lamentation, wailing, mourning)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, once more)

• नवीकृतः (navīkṛtaḥ) - was renewed (renewed, made new)

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - grief (grief, sorrow, lamentation)

• गान्धार्या (gāndhāryā) - of Gandhari

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - O Janamejaya! (O Janamejaya! (name of a king))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, pupil of Vyasa)

Note: Speaker of this verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Indicative

3rd person singular perfect active of `vac`.

Root: √vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - those (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Neuter accusative singular of demonstrative pronoun `tad`.

Note: Refers to 'paridevitam'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard, having listened)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Gerund formed from root `śru` (to hear).

Root: √śru (class 5)

विविधम् (vividham) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Note: Qualifies 'paridevitam'.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Masculine genitive singular of demonstrative pronoun `tad`.

Note: Refers to the 'rājarṣi'.

राजर्षेः (rājarṣeḥ) - of that royal sage (of the royal sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

परिदेवितम् (paridevitam) - lamentations (lamentation, wailing, mourning)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paridevita

paridevita - lamentation, wailing, mourning

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From `pari-√div` (to lament).

Prefix: pari

Root: √div (class 4)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, once more)

(indeclinable)

नवीकृतः (navīkṛtaḥ) - was renewed (renewed, made new)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of navīkṛta

navīkṛta - renewed, made new, refreshed

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from `navī` (new) and `kṛta` (made, done), indicating 'made new'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (navī+kṛta)

• navī – new, fresh
  adjective (feminine)
• kṛta – made, done, created
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `kṛ` (to do, make).
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'śokaḥ'.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - grief (grief, sorrow, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation

From root `śuc` (to glow, to grieve).

Root: √śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'navīkṛtaḥ'.

गान्धार्या (gāndhāryā) - of Gandhari

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (name of Dhritarashtra's wife)

Genitive singular of `gāndhārī`.

Note: Possessive for 'śokaḥ'.

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - O Janamejaya! (O Janamejaya! (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, listener of the Mahabharata)

Vocative singular of `janamejaya`.

Note: The listener addressed by Vaishampayana.