महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-25, verse-18

क्षत्ता च धर्मार्थविदग्र्यबुद्धिः ससंजयस्तं नृपतिं सदारम् ।
उपाचरद्घोरतपो जितात्मा तदा कृशो वल्कलचीरवासाः ॥१८॥

18. kṣattā ca dharmārthavidagryabuddhiḥ; sasaṁjayastaṁ nṛpatiṁ sadāram ,
upācaradghoratapo jitātmā; tadā kṛśo valkalacīravāsāḥ.

18. kṣattā ca dharmārthavidagryabuddhiḥ
sasanjayaḥ tam nṛpatim
sadāram upācarat ghoratapaḥ
jitātmā tadā kṛśaḥ valkalacīravāsāḥ

18. kṣattā ca dharmārthavidagryabuddhiḥ
sasanjayaḥ tadā ghoratapaḥ
jitātmā kṛśaḥ valkalacīravāsāḥ
sadāram tam nṛpatim upācarat

18. And the charioteer (kṣattā), whose intellect was foremost in understanding natural law (dharma) and practical aims, along with Sañjaya, attended upon that emaciated king, who was then practicing severe asceticism (tapas), had controlled his self (ātman), and was clad in bark garments and rags, accompanied by his wife.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - the charioteer (Vidura) (charioteer, chamberlain, doorkeeper)

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्मार्थविदग्र्यबुद्धिः (dharmārthavidagryabuddhiḥ) - whose intellect is foremost in knowing dharma and artha

• ससन्जयः (sasanjayaḥ) - with Sanjaya, accompanied by Sanjaya

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - king, ruler

• सदारम् (sadāram) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

• उपाचरत् (upācarat) - attended upon, served, honored

• घोरतपः (ghoratapaḥ) - of severe asceticism (tapas)

• जितात्मा (jitātmā) - having controlled his self (ātman), self-controlled

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated, lean, thin

• वल्कलचीरवासाः (valkalacīravāsāḥ) - wearing bark garments and rags

Words meanings and morphology

क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - the charioteer (Vidura) (charioteer, chamberlain, doorkeeper)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - charioteer, chamberlain, doorkeeper

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्मार्थविदग्र्यबुद्धिः (dharmārthavidagryabuddhiḥ) - whose intellect is foremost in knowing dharma and artha

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmārthavidagryabuddhi

dharmārthavidagryabuddhi - whose intellect is excellent in discerning natural law (dharma) and purpose

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+artha+vid+agrya+buddhi)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, practical aim
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• agrya – foremost, excellent, principal
  adjective (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)

ससन्जयः (sasanjayaḥ) - with Sanjaya, accompanied by Sanjaya

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sasanjaya

sasanjaya - accompanied by Sanjaya

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+sanjaya)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• sanjaya – Sanjaya (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying Kṣattā.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - king, ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - lord of men, king, ruler

सदारम् (sadāram) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sadāra

sadāra - accompanied by his wife

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dāra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying nṛpatim.

उपाचरत् (upācarat) - attended upon, served, honored

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of car

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: car (class 1)

घोरतपः (ghoratapaḥ) - of severe asceticism (tapas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghoratapas

ghoratapas - having severe asceticism

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+tapas)

• ghora – terrible, severe, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)
• tapas – (tapas), asceticism, penance, austerity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying the king.

जितात्मा (jitātmā) - having controlled his self (ātman), self-controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitātman

jitātman - self-controlled, having conquered the self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+ātman)

• jita – conquered, subdued, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ātman – (ātman), self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying the king.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated, lean, thin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, emaciated, weak

Note: Adjective modifying the king.

वल्कलचीरवासाः (valkalacīravāsāḥ) - wearing bark garments and rags

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of valkalacīravāsas

valkalacīravāsas - wearing bark garments and rags

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (valkala+cīra+vāsas)

• valkala – bark garment
  noun (masculine)
• cīra – rag, strip of cloth
  noun (neuter)
• vāsas – garment, clothes
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying the king.