महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-69, verse-19

पताका धूयमानाश्च श्वसता मातरिश्वना ।
अदर्शयन्निव तदा कुरून्वै दक्षिणोत्तरान् ॥१९॥

19. patākā dhūyamānāśca śvasatā mātariśvanā ,
adarśayanniva tadā kurūnvai dakṣiṇottarān.

19. patākā dhūyamānāḥ ca śvasatā mātariśvanā
adarśayan iva tadā kurūn vai dakṣiṇottarān

19. At that time, the banners, being swayed by the blowing wind, seemed to indicate the Kurus' positions to the south and north.

Words meanings summery:

• पताका (patākā) - banner, flag, standard

• धूयमानाः (dhūyamānāḥ) - being waved, being shaken, being swayed

• च (ca) - and

• श्वसता (śvasatā) - by the blowing wind (by the blowing one, by the breathing one)

• मातरिश्वना (mātariśvanā) - by the wind

• अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - they showed, they indicated

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kurus (people)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• दक्षिणोत्तरान् (dakṣiṇottarān) - indicating positions to the south and north (southern and northern (ones), to the south and north)

Words meanings and morphology

पताका (patākā) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patākā

patākā - banner, flag, standard, sign, mark

धूयमानाः (dhūyamānāḥ) - being waved, being shaken, being swayed

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of dhūyamāna

dhūyamāna - being shaken, being agitated, being swayed

Present Passive Participle

From the root dhū (class 9) 'to shake, agitate'

Root: dhū (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

श्वसता (śvasatā) - by the blowing wind (by the blowing one, by the breathing one)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śvasat

śvasat - blowing, breathing, panting

Present Active Participle

From the root śvas (class 2) 'to breathe, blow'

Root: śvas (class 2)

मातरिश्वना (mātariśvanā) - by the wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mātariśvan

mātariśvan - wind, air, Vāyu (god of wind)

अदर्शयन् (adarśayan) - they showed, they indicated

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of darś

Imperfect, Causative

Imperfect tense of the causative form of the root dṛś (class 1)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kurus (people)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of Kuru

Kuru - a member of the Kuru dynasty, the Kuru country

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

दक्षिणोत्तरान् (dakṣiṇottarān) - indicating positions to the south and north (southern and northern (ones), to the south and north)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dakṣiṇottara

dakṣiṇottara - southern and northern, south and north

Compound type : dvandva (dakṣiṇa+uttara)

• dakṣiṇa – south, southern, right
  noun (masculine)
• uttara – north, northern, later, upper
  noun (masculine)