महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-45, verse-5

मासार्धमासगणितं विषमं लोकसंचरम् ।
तमोनिचयपङ्कं च रजोवेगप्रवर्तकम् ॥५॥

5. māsārdhamāsagaṇitaṁ viṣamaṁ lokasaṁcaram ,
tamonicayapaṅkaṁ ca rajovegapravartakam.

5. māsa-ardhamāsa-gaṇitam viṣamam loka-sañcaram
tamo-nicaya-paṅkam ca rajo-vega-pravartakam

5. māsa-ardhamāsa-gaṇitam viṣamam loka-sañcaram
tamo-nicaya-paṅkam ca rajo-vega-pravartakam

5. It is reckoned by months and half-months, difficult, the movement of the world (saṃsāra), a mire of accumulated darkness (tamas), and that which generates the impulse of passion (rajas).

Words meanings summery:

• मास-अर्धमास-गणितम् (māsa-ardhamāsa-gaṇitam) - reckoned by months and half-months (calculated by months and half-months)

• विषमम् (viṣamam) - difficult (uneven, difficult, dangerous, adverse)

• लोक-सञ्चरम् (loka-sañcaram) - the movement of the world (saṃsāra) (movement/transmigration of the world/people)

• तमो-निचय-पङ्कम् (tamo-nicaya-paṅkam) - a mire of accumulated darkness (tamas) (a mire/slough of accumulated darkness/ignorance)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रजो-वेग-प्रवर्तकम् (rajo-vega-pravartakam) - that which generates the impulse of passion (rajas) (causing the impulse/rush of passion/activity)

Words meanings and morphology

मास-अर्धमास-गणितम् (māsa-ardhamāsa-gaṇitam) - reckoned by months and half-months (calculated by months and half-months)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māsa-ardhamāsa-gaṇita

māsa-ardhamāsa-gaṇita - counted or computed by months and half-months

Compound type : tatpurusha (māsa+ardhamāsa+gaṇita)

• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)
• ardhamāsa – half-month, fortnight
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇita – counted, reckoned, calculated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from gaṇ (to count)
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

विषमम् (viṣamam) - difficult (uneven, difficult, dangerous, adverse)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, dangerous, unequal, adverse

Prefix: vi

Root: sam (class 1)

लोक-सञ्चरम् (loka-sañcaram) - the movement of the world (saṃsāra) (movement/transmigration of the world/people)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of loka-sañcara

loka-sañcara - movement of the world, transmigration of beings

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+sañcara)

• loka – world, people, realm, space
  noun (masculine)
• sañcara – movement, wandering, transmigration, circulation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: car (class 1)

तमो-निचय-पङ्कम् (tamo-nicaya-paṅkam) - a mire of accumulated darkness (tamas) (a mire/slough of accumulated darkness/ignorance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamo-nicaya-paṅka

tamo-nicaya-paṅka - mire of accumulated darkness

Compound type : tatpurusha (tamas+nicaya+paṅka)

• tamas – darkness, ignorance, gloom, one of the three guṇas
  noun (neuter)
• nicaya – accumulation, collection, heap, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)
• paṅka – mud, mire, filth, impurity, sin
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

रजो-वेग-प्रवर्तकम् (rajo-vega-pravartakam) - that which generates the impulse of passion (rajas) (causing the impulse/rush of passion/activity)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rajo-vega-pravartaka

rajo-vega-pravartaka - causing the impulse of passion

Compound type : tatpurusha (rajas+vega+pravartaka)

• rajas – dust, passion, activity, impurity, one of the three guṇas
  noun (neuter)
• vega – speed, force, impulse, rush, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)
• pravartaka – instigator, promoter, causing, producer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  from vṛt (to be, exist, turn) with pra prefix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)