महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-45, verse-13

गृहस्थो ब्रह्मचारी च वानप्रस्थोऽथ भिक्षुकः ।
चत्वार आश्रमाः प्रोक्ताः सर्वे गार्हस्थ्यमूलकाः ॥१३॥

13. gṛhastho brahmacārī ca vānaprastho'tha bhikṣukaḥ ,
catvāra āśramāḥ proktāḥ sarve gārhasthyamūlakāḥ.

13. gṛhasthaḥ brahmacārī ca vānaprasthaḥ atha bhikṣukaḥ
catvāraḥ āśramāḥ proktāḥ sarve gārhasthyamūlakāḥ

13. gṛhasthaḥ brahmacārī ca vānaprasthaḥ atha bhikṣukaḥ
(iti) catvāraḥ āśramāḥ proktāḥ sarve gārhasthyamūlakāḥ

13. The householder, the celibate student (brahmacārī), the forest dweller (vānaprastha), and the mendicant – these four stages of life (āśrama) are declared, and all of them are rooted in the householder stage.

Words meanings summery:

• गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - The one who undertakes the householder stage of life. (householder)

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - One who observes `brahmacarya`, the first stage of life dedicated to sacred study and celibacy. (celibate student)

• च (ca) - and, also

• वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - One who has retired to the forest for spiritual practice, the third stage of life. (forest dweller, hermit)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, and

• भिक्षुकः (bhikṣukaḥ) - One who lives by alms, the renunciant (sannyāsa) stage of life. (mendicant, beggar)

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - The four prescribed stages of a Hindu's life. (stages of life, hermitages)

• प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - declared, stated, proclaimed

• सर्वे (sarve) - All of these four stages of life. (all)

• गार्हस्थ्यमूलकाः (gārhasthyamūlakāḥ) - Having the householder stage as their fundamental basis or origin. (rooted in the householder stage)

Words meanings and morphology

गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - The one who undertakes the householder stage of life. (householder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - one who lives in a house, a householder (the second of the four stages of life)

Compound: `gṛha` (house) + `stha` (standing, dwelling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, dwelling, abiding in, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root `sthā` (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - One who observes `brahmacarya`, the first stage of life dedicated to sacred study and celibacy. (celibate student)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who practices `brahmacarya` (celibacy, sacred study), a religious student (the first of the four stages of life)

Agent noun from `brahmacarya` (sacred conduct) + `carin` (one who practices).

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahmacarya+carin)

• brahmacarya – celibacy, religious student life, conduct leading to brahman, sacred conduct
  noun (neuter)
• carin – practicing, behaving, moving, following
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root `car` (to move, to practice).
  Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - One who has retired to the forest for spiritual practice, the third stage of life. (forest dweller, hermit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānaprastha

vānaprastha - a forest hermit; one who has retired to the forest (the third of the four stages of life)

Compound: `vana` (forest) + `prastha` (going to, abiding in).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+prastha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• prastha – going forth, departing, residing, standing (in front of)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root `sthā` (to stand) with the prefix `pra-`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, now, and

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing a new sentence or clause, or indicating a sequence.

भिक्षुकः (bhikṣukaḥ) - One who lives by alms, the renunciant (sannyāsa) stage of life. (mendicant, beggar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhikṣuka

bhikṣuka - a beggar, mendicant, religious mendicant (the fourth stage of life)

Derived from the desiderative root `bhikṣ` (to desire to beg).

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Used as an adjective for `āśramāḥ`.

आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - The four prescribed stages of a Hindu's life. (stages of life, hermitages)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastery, retreat; stage of life, religious order, spiritual discipline

Derived from the root `śram` (to toil, exert oneself) with the prefix `ā-`.

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Refers to the four traditional stages of life (brahmacarya, gārhasthya, vānaprastha, sannyāsa).

प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - declared, stated, proclaimed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prokta

prokta - declared, stated, proclaimed, said, spoken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root `vac` (to speak) with the prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वे (sarve) - All of these four stages of life. (all)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

गार्हस्थ्यमूलकाः (gārhasthyamūlakāḥ) - Having the householder stage as their fundamental basis or origin. (rooted in the householder stage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gārhasthyamūlaka

gārhasthyamūlaka - having the householder stage as its root or foundation

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpurusha (gārhasthya+mūlaka)

• gārhasthya – state of a householder, householder's life
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `gṛhastha` (householder).
• mūlaka – rooted in, based on, derived from, fundamental
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `mūla` (root).