महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-23, verse-12

व्यानश्च तमुदानश्च भाषमाणमथोचतुः ।
अपान न त्वं श्रेष्ठोऽसि प्राणो हि वशगस्तव ॥१२॥

12. vyānaśca tamudānaśca bhāṣamāṇamathocatuḥ ,
apāna na tvaṁ śreṣṭho'si prāṇo hi vaśagastava.

12. vyānaḥ ca tam udānaḥ ca bhāṣamāṇam atha ūcatuḥ |
apāna na tvam śreṣṭhaḥ asi prāṇaḥ hi vaśagaḥ tava

12. vyānaḥ ca udānaḥ ca atha tam bhāṣamāṇam ūcatuḥ apāna,
tvam na śreṣṭhaḥ asi,
hi prāṇaḥ tava vaśagaḥ

12. Vyana and Udana then said to him (Apana), while he was speaking, 'O Apana, you are not the best, for the vital breath (prāṇa) is indeed under your control.'

Words meanings summery:

• व्यानः (vyānaḥ) - the vital air responsible for circulation; Vyana

• च (ca) - and, also

• तम् (tam) - him (Apana) (him, that)

• उदानः (udānaḥ) - the vital air responsible for speech and exhalation; Udana

• च (ca) - and, also

• भाषमाणम् (bhāṣamāṇam) - him who was speaking (Apana) (speaking, while speaking)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - both said

• अपान (apāna) - O Apana, the downward vital air

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent

• असि (asi) - you are

• प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - the principal vital air, life-force (the vital breath, life-force; Prana (the specific vital air))

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - subject to (your) control (subject to, obedient to, following one's will)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

Words meanings and morphology

व्यानः (vyānaḥ) - the vital air responsible for circulation; Vyana

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāna

vyāna - the vital air responsible for circulation (one of the five principal prāṇas)

Derived from prefix vi- and root an (to breathe).

Prefix: vi

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to one of the five vital airs.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Apana) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Apana.

उदानः (udānaḥ) - the vital air responsible for speech and exhalation; Udana

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāna

udāna - the vital air responsible for speech and exhalation (one of the five principal prāṇas)

Derived from prefix ud- and root an (to breathe).

Prefix: ud

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to one of the five vital airs.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भाषमाणम् (bhāṣamāṇam) - him who was speaking (Apana) (speaking, while speaking)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāṣamāṇa

bhāṣamāṇa - speaking, talking, conversing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root bhāṣ (to speak) with the present middle participle suffix -māna.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tam` (him), referring to Apana.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - both said

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person dual

Form of √vac (to speak) in the perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subjects are Vyana and Udana.

अपान (apāna) - O Apana, the downward vital air

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of apāna

apāna - the downward vital air (one of the five principal prāṇas)

Derived from prefix apa- and root an (to breathe).

Prefix: apa

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Direct address to Apana.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Apana.

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, superior

Superlative adjective

Superlative form, often considered derived from praśasya (excellent).

Note: Qualifies `tvam` (Apana).

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense, 2nd person singular

Form of √as (to be) in the present tense.

Root: as (class 2)

प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - the principal vital air, life-force (the vital breath, life-force; Prana (the specific vital air))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, Prana (one of the five principal prāṇas)

Derived from prefix pra- and root an (to breathe).

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: The subject of the clause, referring to the chief vital breath.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Explanatory particle.

वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - subject to (your) control (subject to, obedient to, following one's will)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśaga

vaśaga - going by will, subject to, obedient to, dependent on

Compound of `vaśa` (will, control) and `ga` (going, moving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaśa+ga)

• vaśa – will, power, control, subjection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)
• ga – going, moving, reaching
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes `prāṇaḥ`.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

Note: Refers to Apana.