महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-2, verse-2

अतीव मनसा शोकः क्रियमाणो जनाधिप ।
संतापयति वैतस्य पूर्वप्रेतान्पितामहान् ॥२॥

2. atīva manasā śokaḥ kriyamāṇo janādhipa ,
saṁtāpayati vaitasya pūrvapretānpitāmahān.

2. atīva manasā śokaḥ kriyamāṇaḥ janādhipa |
saṃtāpayati vai asya pūrvapretān pitāmahān

2. janādhipa manasā atīva kriyamāṇaḥ śokaḥ
vai asya pūrvapretān pitāmahān saṃtāpayati

2. Oh King, excessive sorrow harbored in the mind indeed causes distress to his departed ancestors.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीव (atīva) - intensely, referring to the sorrow. (exceedingly, very much, intensely)

• मनसा (manasā) - by harboring in the mind. (by the mind, with the mind)

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - the profound grief. (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• क्रियमाणः (kriyamāṇaḥ) - being harbored or entertained (in the mind). (being done, being made, being performed)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - Oh king (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (lord of men, king)

• संतापयति (saṁtāpayati) - causes distress to the ancestors. (causes pain, afflicts, distresses)

• वै (vai) - an emphasizing particle. (indeed, verily, surely)

• अस्य (asya) - referring to the person who is grieving. (his, of him, of this)

• पूर्वप्रेतान् (pūrvapretān) - ancestors who have already passed away. (deceased ancestors, previously departed)

• पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - the paternal grandfathers or ancestors. (ancestors, grandfathers)

Words meanings and morphology

अतीव (atīva) - intensely, referring to the sorrow. (exceedingly, very much, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

मनसा (manasā) - by harboring in the mind. (by the mind, with the mind)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, faculty of thought

Root: man (class 4)

शोकः (śokaḥ) - the profound grief. (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

From √śuc (to grieve).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with 'kriyamāṇaḥ').

क्रियमाणः (kriyamāṇaḥ) - being harbored or entertained (in the mind). (being done, being made, being performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kriyamāṇa

kriyamāṇa - being done, being made, being performed

Present Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make) + -yamāna (passive participle suffix).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'śokaḥ'.

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - Oh king (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, ruler, king

Compound of jana (people) + adhipa (ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

संतापयति (saṁtāpayati) - causes distress to the ancestors. (causes pain, afflicts, distresses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of saṃtāpaya

Present Active Third Person Singular

Causative of √tap (to heat, torment) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'śokaḥ kriyamāṇaḥ'.

वै (vai) - an emphasizing particle. (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अस्य (asya) - referring to the person who is grieving. (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, 'his ancestors'.

पूर्वप्रेतान् (pūrvapretān) - ancestors who have already passed away. (deceased ancestors, previously departed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūrvapreta

pūrvapreta - previously departed, deceased

Compound of pūrva (previous) and preta (departed, dead).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+preta)

• pūrva – former, prior, previous, earlier
  adjective (masculine)
• preta – departed, dead, ghost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pra-i (to go forth)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'pitāmahān'.

पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - the paternal grandfathers or ancestors. (ancestors, grandfathers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, ancestor

Note: Object of 'saṃtāpayati'.