महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-13, verse-20

मा ते व्यथास्तु निहतान्बन्धून्वीक्ष्य पुनः पुनः ।
न शक्यास्ते पुनर्द्रष्टुं ये हतास्मिन्रणाजिरे ॥२०॥

20. mā te vyathāstu nihatānbandhūnvīkṣya punaḥ punaḥ ,
na śakyāste punardraṣṭuṁ ye hatāsminraṇājire.

20. mā te vyathā astu nihatān bandhūn vīkṣya punaḥ punaḥ
na śakyāḥ te punar draṣṭum ye hatāḥ asmin raṇājire

20. nihatān bandhūn punaḥ punaḥ vīkṣya te vyathā mā astu
ye asmin raṇājire hatāḥ te punar draṣṭum na śakyāḥ

20. Let there be no distress for you, repeatedly seeing your slain relatives. Those who have been killed in this battlefield cannot be seen again.

Words meanings summery:

• मा (mā) - do not (do not, not)

• ते (te) - for you (for you, to you)

• व्यथा (vyathā) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, sorrow)

• अस्तु (astu) - let there be (let it be, may it be)

• निहतान् (nihatān) - slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

• बन्धून् (bandhūn) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen, friends)

• वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - by seeing (having seen, having observed)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, further)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, further)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible (to be) (able, possible)

• ते (te) - those (relatives) (they)

• पुनर् (punar) - again (again, back)

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to be seen (to see, to be seen)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which)

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed (slain, killed, destroyed)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - in the battlefield (in the battlefield, in the arena of war)

Words meanings and morphology

मा (mā) - do not (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with imperative mood for prohibition.

ते (te) - for you (for you, to you)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Note: Enclitic form of yuṣmad in dative/genitive singular.

व्यथा (vyathā) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - distress, pain, sorrow

Root: vyath (class 1)

अस्तु (astu) - let there be (let it be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative Active

3rd person singular, imperative mood, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

निहतान् (nihatān) - slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - slain, killed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ni + root han 'to kill'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with bandhūn.

बन्धून् (bandhūn) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen, friends)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend

वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - by seeing (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix vi + root īkṣ 'to see' + suffix -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, further)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, further)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible (to be) (able, possible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakya

śakya - possible, able, feasible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root śak 'to be able'

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'te' (they).

ते (te) - those (relatives) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the slain relatives.

पुनर् (punar) - again (again, back)

(indeclinable)

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to be seen (to see, to be seen)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with śakya (possible) meaning 'possible to be seen' (passive sense in English).

ये (ye) - those who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the slain relatives.

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - slain, killed

Past Passive Participle

From root han 'to kill'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'ye'.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with raṇājire.

रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - in the battlefield (in the battlefield, in the arena of war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of war

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• ajira – courtyard, arena, open ground
  noun (neuter)
  Root: aj (class 1)