महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-92, verse-13

पूर्वं पिण्डं पितुर्दद्यात्ततो दद्यात्पितामहे ।
प्रपितामहाय च तत एष श्राद्धविधिः स्मृतः ॥१३॥

13. pūrvaṁ piṇḍaṁ piturdadyāttato dadyātpitāmahe ,
prapitāmahāya ca tata eṣa śrāddhavidhiḥ smṛtaḥ.

13. pūrvam piṇḍam pituḥ dadyāt tataḥ dadyāt pitāmahe
| prapitāmahāya ca tataḥ eṣa śrāddha-vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ

13. pūrvam piṇḍam pituḥ dadyāt tataḥ pitāmahe dadyāt
ca tataḥ prapitāmahāya eṣa śrāddha-vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ

13. First, one should offer the rice ball (piṇḍa) to the father. Then, one should offer to the grandfather. And then, to the great-grandfather. This is considered the prescribed procedure for the śrāddha (ancestral ritual).

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (in order) (first, before, formerly)

• पिण्डम् (piṇḍam) - the rice ball (an oblation to ancestors) (ball, lump, rice ball (for offerings))

• पितुः (pituḥ) - to the father (of the father, to the father)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give, one should offer)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give, one should offer)

• पितामहे (pitāmahe) - to the grandfather (to the grandfather, in the grandfather)

• प्रपितामहाय (prapitāmahāya) - to the great-grandfather

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

• एष (eṣa) - this (procedure) (this (masculine nominative singular))

• श्राद्ध-विधिः (śrāddha-vidhiḥ) - the prescribed procedure for the śrāddha (ancestral ritual) (ritual for ancestors, procedure for śrāddha)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (to be the rule) (remembered, traditional, prescribed)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (in order) (first, before, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

पिण्डम् (piṇḍam) - the rice ball (an oblation to ancestors) (ball, lump, rice ball (for offerings))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of piṇḍa

piṇḍa - ball, lump, rice ball (for offerings)

Note: Object of dadyāt.

पितुः (pituḥ) - to the father (of the father, to the father)

(noun)

masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: r-stem noun. Dative is implied by context of offering.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give, one should offer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give, one should offer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

पितामहे (pitāmahe) - to the grandfather (to the grandfather, in the grandfather)

(noun)

masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather

Compound of pitṛ (father) + maha (great)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Dative case implied by context of offering, though form is locative.

प्रपितामहाय (prapitāmahāya) - to the great-grandfather

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of prapitāmaha

prapitāmaha - great-grandfather

Compound of pra- (prefix) + pitāmaha (grandfather)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pra+pitāmaha)

• pra – before, forward, much, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• pitāmaha – grandfather
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of pitṛ (father) + maha (great)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

एष (eṣa) - this (procedure) (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Masculine nominative singular of etad.

श्राद्ध-विधिः (śrāddha-vidhiḥ) - the prescribed procedure for the śrāddha (ancestral ritual) (ritual for ancestors, procedure for śrāddha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrāddha-vidhi

śrāddha-vidhi - rite for ancestors, procedure for śrāddha

Compound of śrāddha (ancestral offering) and vidhi (rule, procedure)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrāddha+vidhi)

• śrāddha – ancestral offering, faith
  noun (neuter)
• vidhi – rule, procedure, method
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā- (to place, do) with prefix vi- (specific) and suffix -i
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (to be the rule) (remembered, traditional, prescribed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, traditionally taught, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ- (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with vidhiḥ.