महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-68, verse-13

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
देयाः किंलक्षणा गावः काश्चापि परिवर्जयेत् ।
कीदृशाय प्रदातव्या न देयाः कीदृशाय च ॥१३॥

13. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
deyāḥ kiṁlakṣaṇā gāvaḥ kāścāpi parivarjayet ,
kīdṛśāya pradātavyā na deyāḥ kīdṛśāya ca.

13. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca deyāḥ kim-lakṣaṇāḥ gāvaḥ kāḥ ca api
parivarjayet kīdṛśāya pradātavyāḥ na deyāḥ kīdṛśāya ca

13. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca deyāḥ gāvaḥ kim-lakṣaṇāḥ kāḥ ca api
parivarjayet kīdṛśāya pradātavyāḥ ca kīdṛśāya na deyāḥ

13. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "What are the characteristics of cows that should be given, and which ones should one avoid? To whom should they be given, and to whom should they not be given?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• देयाः (deyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be given)

• किम्-लक्षणाः (kim-lakṣaṇāḥ) - what characteristics (what characteristics, of what nature)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• काः (kāḥ) - which cows (which ones)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - one should avoid (one should avoid, one should shun)

• कीदृशाय (kīdṛśāya) - to what kind of person (to one of what kind, to what kind of person)

• प्रदातव्याः (pradātavyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be presented)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• देयाः (deyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be given)

• कीदृशाय (kīdṛśāya) - to what kind of person (to one of what kind, to what kind of person)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a proper name (Yudhiṣṭhira)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

root vac (class 2, parasmāipada) perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Often translated as 'said' in narrative contexts.

देयाः (deyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of deya

deya - to be given, gift

gerundive (kṛtya)

from root dā (class 3, ubhayapādin) with suffix -ya

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'gāvaḥ'.

किम्-लक्षणाः (kim-lakṣaṇāḥ) - what characteristics (what characteristics, of what nature)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kim-lakṣaṇa

kim-lakṣaṇa - of what mark, having what characteristic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+lakṣaṇa)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun
• lakṣaṇa – mark, characteristic, symptom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'gāvaḥ'.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

काः (kāḥ) - which cows (which ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kim

kim - what, which

Note: Refers to cows.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - one should avoid (one should avoid, one should shun)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vṛj

optative mood, 3rd person singular

causative stem varjay- from root vṛj (class 10, parasmāipada) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛj (class 10)

Note: Implies an agent, 'one'.

कीदृशाय (kīdṛśāya) - to what kind of person (to one of what kind, to what kind of person)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what appearance, of what kind, like what

Note: Agrees with an implied recipient (masculine).

प्रदातव्याः (pradātavyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be presented)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pradātavya

pradātavya - to be given, due to be given

gerundive (kṛtya)

from root dā (class 3, ubhayapādin) with prefix pra and suffix -tavya

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'gāvaḥ' (implied by context).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

देयाः (deyāḥ) - should be given (should be given, to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of deya

deya - to be given, gift

gerundive (kṛtya)

from root dā (class 3, ubhayapādin) with suffix -ya

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'gāvaḥ' (implied by context).

कीदृशाय (kīdṛśāya) - to what kind of person (to one of what kind, to what kind of person)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what appearance, of what kind, like what

Note: Agrees with an implied recipient (masculine).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)