महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-68, verse-11

ग्रासमुष्टिं परगवे दद्यात्संवत्सरं तु यः ।
अकृत्वा स्वयमाहारं व्रतं तत्सार्वकामिकम् ॥११॥

11. grāsamuṣṭiṁ paragave dadyātsaṁvatsaraṁ tu yaḥ ,
akṛtvā svayamāhāraṁ vrataṁ tatsārvakāmikam.

11. grāsamuṣṭim paragave dadyāt saṃvatsaram tu yaḥ
akṛtvā svayam āhāram vratam tat sārvakāmikam

11. Whoever gives a handful of grass to another's cow for a full year, without first partaking of food himself, that vow (vrata) is truly wish-fulfilling.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रासमुष्टिम् (grāsamuṣṭim) - a handful of grass (a handful of grass, a mouthful of food)

• परगवे (paragave) - to another's cow

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (he should give)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a full year (a year, for a year)

• तु (tu) - truly (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without first partaking (without doing, having not done)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, personally, spontaneously)

• आहारम् (āhāram) - food (food, diet, sustenance)

• व्रतम् (vratam) - that vow (vrata) (vow (vrata), religious observance, sacred duty)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, this, he, she, it)

• सार्वकामिकम् (sārvakāmikam) - truly wish-fulfilling, fulfilling all desires (wish-fulfilling, granting all desires)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रासमुष्टिम् (grāsamuṣṭim) - a handful of grass (a handful of grass, a mouthful of food)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of grāsamuṣṭi

grāsamuṣṭi - a handful of grass, a mouthful of food

From grāsa (mouthful, grass) + muṣṭi (handful)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāsa+muṣṭi)

• grāsa – food, mouthful, grass
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gras (class 1)
• muṣṭi – fist, handful
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.

परगवे (paragave) - to another's cow

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of parago

parago - another's cow

From para (another) + go (cow)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+go)

• para – other, another, supreme, distant
  adjective (masculine)
• go – cow, ox, cattle, ray of light
  noun (feminine)

Note: Indirect object of 'dadyāt'.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give (he should give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used with 'yaḥ' for a conditional statement.

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a full year (a year, for a year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - a year

From sam (together) + vatsara (year)

Prefix: sam

Root: vas

Note: Adverbial accusative of time.

तु (tu) - truly (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Relative pronoun

Note: Subject of the first clause.

अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without first partaking (without doing, having not done)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Negative prefix 'a' + absolutive of root kṛ (to do, make)

Prefix: a

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Precedes the main action of giving.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, personally, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

Reflexive pronoun used adverbially

आहारम् (āhāram) - food (food, diet, sustenance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, diet, sustenance, collection, taking

From ā-√hṛ (to take, collect) + -a (suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'akṛtvā'.

व्रतम् (vratam) - that vow (vrata) (vow (vrata), religious observance, sacred duty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow (vrata), religious observance, sacred duty, discipline, rule

From root vṛ (to choose, to cover)

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

तत् (tat) - that (that, this, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Serves as the correlative to 'yaḥ'.

सार्वकामिकम् (sārvakāmikam) - truly wish-fulfilling, fulfilling all desires (wish-fulfilling, granting all desires)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sārvakāmika

sārvakāmika - fulfilling all desires, wish-fulfilling, universal desire

From sarva (all) + kāma (desire) + -ika (suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+kāma)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vratam'.