महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-68, verse-18

कल्मषं गुरुशुश्रूषा हन्ति मानो महद्यशः ।
अपुत्रतां त्रयः पुत्रा अवृत्तिं दश धेनवः ॥१८॥

18. kalmaṣaṁ guruśuśrūṣā hanti māno mahadyaśaḥ ,
aputratāṁ trayaḥ putrā avṛttiṁ daśa dhenavaḥ.

18. kalmaṣam guruśuśrūṣā hanti mānaḥ mahat yaśaḥ
aputratām trayaḥ putrāḥ avṛttim daśa dhenavaḥ

18. guruśuśrūṣā kalmaṣam hanti.
mahat yaśaḥ mānam (hanti).
trayaḥ putrāḥ aputratām (hanti).
daśa dhenavaḥ avṛttim (hanti).

18. Service to one's teacher destroys sin. Great fame destroys pride. Three sons destroy childlessness. Ten cows destroy poverty.

Words meanings summery:

• कल्मषम् (kalmaṣam) - sin (sin, impurity, stain)

• गुरुशुश्रूषा (guruśuśrūṣā) - service to one's teacher (service to a teacher, attendance on a guru)

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (kills, strikes, destroys, removes)

• मानः (mānaḥ) - pride (pride, self-conceit, honor, respect)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, reputation)

• अपुत्रताम् (aputratām) - childlessness (childlessness, lack of sons)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• अवृत्तिम् (avṛttim) - poverty (lack of livelihood, unemployment, poverty)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• धेनवः (dhenavaḥ) - cows (cows, milch-cows)

Words meanings and morphology

कल्मषम् (kalmaṣam) - sin (sin, impurity, stain)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalmaṣa

kalmaṣa - sin, impurity, stain, fault

गुरुशुश्रूषा (guruśuśrūṣā) - service to one's teacher (service to a teacher, attendance on a guru)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of guruśuśrūṣā

guruśuśrūṣā - service to a teacher, attendance on a guru

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+śuśrūṣā)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, respected person
  noun (masculine)
• śuśrūṣā – desire to hear, obedience, service, attendance
  noun (feminine)
  desiderative noun
  Desiderative noun from √śru 'to hear'
  Root: śru (class 5)

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (kills, strikes, destroys, removes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

present active

3rd person singular, present, active voice

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Implied for the subsequent clauses.

मानः (mānaḥ) - pride (pride, self-conceit, honor, respect)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māna

māna - pride, self-conceit, honor, respect, opinion

Root: man (class 4)

Note: The accusative form is mānam, but mānaḥ appears due to sandhi with mahat yaśaḥ in the original. It's accusative in context.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Agrees with yaśaḥ.

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, reputation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, reputation

Note: Acts as the subject for the implied 'hanti'.

अपुत्रताम् (aputratām) - childlessness (childlessness, lack of sons)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aputratā

aputratā - childlessness, lack of sons

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+putratā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• putratā – son-ship, state of having sons
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of the implied 'hanti'.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'putrāḥ'.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of the implied 'hanti'.

अवृत्तिम् (avṛttim) - poverty (lack of livelihood, unemployment, poverty)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avṛtti

avṛtti - lack of livelihood, unemployment, poverty, non-existence

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vṛtti)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vṛtti – livelihood, conduct, activity
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied 'hanti'.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Numeral 'ten' is always plural and takes the form daśa in nominative/accusative for all genders. Agrees with dhenavaḥ.

धेनवः (dhenavaḥ) - cows (cows, milch-cows)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of dhenu

dhenu - cow, milch-cow

Note: Subject of the implied 'hanti'.