महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-68, verse-21

शुभे पात्रे ये गुणा गोप्रदाने तावान्दोषो ब्राह्मणस्वापहारे ।
सर्वावस्थं ब्राह्मणस्वापहारो दाराश्चैषां दूरतो वर्जनीयाः ॥२१॥

21. śubhe pātre ye guṇā gopradāne; tāvāndoṣo brāhmaṇasvāpahāre ,
sarvāvasthaṁ brāhmaṇasvāpahāro; dārāścaiṣāṁ dūrato varjanīyāḥ.

21. śubhe pātre ye guṇāḥ gopradāne
tāvān doṣaḥ brāhmaṇasvāpahāre
sarvāvastham brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ
dārāḥ ca eṣām dūrataḥ varjanīyāḥ

21. śubhe pātre gopradāne ye guṇāḥ
brāhmaṇasvāpahāre tāvān doṣaḥ
brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ sarvāvastham
eṣām dārāḥ ca dūrataḥ varjanīyāḥ

21. Whatever merits are accrued by donating a cow to a worthy recipient, an equal fault (doṣa) is incurred by confiscating a brahmin's property. Confiscation of a brahmin's property is wrong in all circumstances. Moreover, their wives must be strictly avoided.

Words meanings summery:

• शुभे (śubhe) - good, worthy (recipient) (auspicious, good, pure, beautiful)

• पात्रे (pātre) - in a worthy recipient (in a vessel, in a recipient, in a worthy person)

• ये (ye) - whatever (which (plural), those who)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - merits (merits, qualities, virtues, strands)

• गोप्रदाने (gopradāne) - in the donation of a cow (in giving a cow, in a cow donation)

• तावान् (tāvān) - so great (a fault) (so much, so great, such)

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, sin, defect, impurity

• ब्राह्मणस्वापहारे (brāhmaṇasvāpahāre) - in seizing a brahmin's property, regarding the theft of a brahmin's wealth

• सर्वावस्थम् (sarvāvastham) - in all circumstances (in all conditions, in every state, always)

• ब्राह्मणस्वापहारः (brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ) - seizing a brahmin's property, theft of a brahmin's wealth

• दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives

• च (ca) - moreover (and, also)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (brahmins) (of these, their)

• दूरतः (dūrataḥ) - strictly, from afar (implies complete avoidance) (from afar, far away, at a distance)

• वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - must be strictly avoided (to be avoided, to be shunned, ought to be excluded)

Words meanings and morphology

शुभे (śubhe) - good, worthy (recipient) (auspicious, good, pure, beautiful)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, pure, beautiful, propitious

Root: śubh (class 1)

पात्रे (pātre) - in a worthy recipient (in a vessel, in a recipient, in a worthy person)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, pot, recipient, worthy person, capable person

From root pā (to protect, drink) or from pād (foot) meaning what holds the feet (vessel)

Root: pā (class 1)

ये (ye) - whatever (which (plural), those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

Note: Agrees with `guṇāḥ`

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - merits (merits, qualities, virtues, strands)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, merit, attribute, strand, secondary quality

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'

गोप्रदाने (gopradāne) - in the donation of a cow (in giving a cow, in a cow donation)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gopradāna

gopradāna - donation of a cow

Compound of 'go' (cow) and 'pradāna' (giving)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+pradāna)

• go – cow, ox, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• pradāna – giving, donation, grant
  noun (neuter)
  From pra + root dā (to give)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

तावान् (tāvān) - so great (a fault) (so much, so great, such)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāvat

tāvat - so much, so great, so many, as much as

Pronominal adjective

Note: Qualifies `doṣaḥ`

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, sin, defect, impurity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, sin, defect, blame, impurity

From root duṣ (to be corrupt, faulty)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'

ब्राह्मणस्वापहारे (brāhmaṇasvāpahāre) - in seizing a brahmin's property, regarding the theft of a brahmin's wealth

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇasvāpahāra

brāhmaṇasvāpahāra - seizing/stealing a brahmin's property

Compound of 'brāhmaṇa' (brahmin), 'sva' (one's own property), and 'apahāra' (seizing, stealing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+sva+apahāra)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, belonging to Brahmā
  noun (masculine)
• sva – one's own, self, property, wealth
  pronoun (neuter)
• apahāra – seizing, carrying off, theft, taking away
  noun (masculine)
  From apa + root hṛ (to seize, carry off)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

सर्वावस्थम् (sarvāvastham) - in all circumstances (in all conditions, in every state, always)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'avasthā' (state, condition)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+avasthā)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• avasthā – state, condition, situation, stage
  noun (feminine)
  From ava + root sthā (to stand)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

ब्राह्मणस्वापहारः (brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ) - seizing a brahmin's property, theft of a brahmin's wealth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇasvāpahāra

brāhmaṇasvāpahāra - seizing/stealing a brahmin's property

Compound of 'brāhmaṇa' (brahmin), 'sva' (one's own property), and 'apahāra' (seizing, stealing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+sva+apahāra)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, belonging to Brahmā
  noun (masculine)
• sva – one's own, self, property, wealth
  pronoun (neuter)
• apahāra – seizing, carrying off, theft, taking away
  noun (masculine)
  From apa + root hṛ (to seize, carry off)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (always masculine plural in meaning)

Note: Subject of `varjanīyāḥ`

च (ca) - moreover (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (brahmins) (of these, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the brahmins mentioned implicitly.

दूरतः (dūrataḥ) - strictly, from afar (implies complete avoidance) (from afar, far away, at a distance)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from 'dūra' (distant) with suffix -tas

Note: Modifies `varjanīyāḥ`

वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - must be strictly avoided (to be avoided, to be shunned, ought to be excluded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varjanīya

varjanīya - to be avoided, to be shunned, to be abandoned

Gerundive

From root vṛj (to abandon, avoid)

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dārāḥ`