महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-68, verse-20

यः क्षुद्भयाद्वै न विकर्म कुर्यान्मृदुर्दान्तश्चातिथेयश्च नित्यम् ।
वृत्तिं विप्रायातिसृजेत तस्मै यस्तुल्यशीलश्च सपुत्रदारः ॥२०॥

20. yaḥ kṣudbhayādvai na vikarma kuryā;nmṛdurdāntaścātitheyaśca nityam ,
vṛttiṁ viprāyātisṛjeta tasmai; yastulyaśīlaśca saputradāraḥ.

20. yaḥ kṣudbhayāt vai na vikarma kuryāt
mṛduḥ dāntaḥ ca ātitheyaḥ ca
nityam vṛttim viprāya atisṛjeta
tasmai yaḥ tulyasīlaḥ ca saputradāraḥ

20. yaḥ kṣudbhayāt vai vikarma na kuryāt
mṛduḥ ca dāntaḥ ca nityam
ātitheyaḥ yaḥ tulyasīlaḥ ca saputradāraḥ
tasmai viprāya vṛttim atisṛjeta

20. One who would never commit a forbidden act (vikarma) out of fear of hunger, who is gentle, self-controlled, and always hospitable, should offer a means of livelihood to a brahmin of similar character who has a wife and children.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - one who (who, he who)

• क्षुद्भयात् (kṣudbhayāt) - from fear of hunger

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

• न (na) - not, no

• विकर्म (vikarma) - forbidden act, wrong action, evil deed

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, might do, would do, let him do

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, mild, tender

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

• च (ca) - and, also

• आतिथेयः (ātitheyaḥ) - hospitable, relating to guests

• च (ca) - and, also

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - means of livelihood (livelihood, sustenance, conduct, mode of being)

• विप्राय (viprāya) - to a brahmin

• अतिसृजेत (atisṛjeta) - should offer/give (should give, should offer, should abandon)

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for him

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• तुल्यसीलः (tulyasīlaḥ) - of similar character/conduct

• च (ca) - and, also

• सपुत्रदारः (saputradāraḥ) - having a wife and children (with son and wife, having a son and wife)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - one who (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

क्षुद्भयात् (kṣudbhayāt) - from fear of hunger

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṣudbhaya

kṣudbhaya - fear of hunger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudh+bhaya)

• kṣudh – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṣudh (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विकर्म (vikarma) - forbidden act, wrong action, evil deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vikarma

vikarma - wrong action, forbidden act, evil deed, unrighteous action

Compound of 'vi' (bad, wrong) and 'karma' (action)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vi+karma)

• vi – apart, astray, wrong (prefix)
  indeclinable
• karma – action, deed, work, ritual action, fate (as result of actions)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `kuryāt`

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, might do, would do, let him do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, mild, tender

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender

Root: mṛd

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he' (yaḥ)

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined, tamed

Past Passive Participle

From root dam (to subdue, control)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he' (yaḥ)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आतिथेयः (ātitheyaḥ) - hospitable, relating to guests

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātitheya

ātitheya - hospitable, relating to guests, an act of hospitality

Derived from 'atithi' (guest)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he' (yaḥ)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular of 'nitya' used adverbially

Note: Qualifies the preceding adjectives/implied actions.

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - means of livelihood (livelihood, sustenance, conduct, mode of being)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, sustenance, occupation, conduct, mode of being, commentary

From root vṛt (to be, exist, turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of `atisṛjeta`

विप्राय (viprāya) - to a brahmin

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, inspired, wise, sage

Note: Indirect object of `atisṛjeta`

अतिसृजेत (atisṛjeta) - should offer/give (should give, should offer, should abandon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of atisṛj

Prefix: ati

Root: sṛj (class 6)

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for him

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `viprāya`

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to the brahmin

तुल्यसीलः (tulyasīlaḥ) - of similar character/conduct

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tulyasīla

tulyasīla - of similar character, of like nature/disposition

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tulya+śīla)

• tulya – similar, equal, comparable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root tul (to weigh, to compare)
  Root: tul (class 10)
• śīla – character, conduct, disposition, nature, habit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śīl (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सपुत्रदारः (saputradāraḥ) - having a wife and children (with son and wife, having a son and wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saputradāra

saputradāra - having a son and wife, with wife and children

Compound of 'sa' (with) and 'putradāra' (son and wife)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+putra+dāra)

• sa – with, accompanied by (prefix)
  indeclinable
  Prepositional prefix
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin.