महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-33, verse-23

परिवादो द्विजातीनां न श्रोतव्यः कथंचन ।
आसीताधोमुखस्तूष्णीं समुत्थाय व्रजेत वा ॥२३॥

23. parivādo dvijātīnāṁ na śrotavyaḥ kathaṁcana ,
āsītādhomukhastūṣṇīṁ samutthāya vrajeta vā.

23. parivādaḥ dvijātīnām na śrotavyaḥ kathañcana
āsīta adhomukhaḥ tūṣṇīm samutthāya vrajeta vā

23. dvijātīnām parivādaḥ kathañcana na śrotavyaḥ
adhomukhaḥ tūṣṇīm āsīta vā samutthāya vrajeta

23. One should never listen to defamation of the twice-born (dvijāti). Instead, one should sit silently with a downward-turned face, or rise and depart.

Words meanings summery:

• परिवादः (parivādaḥ) - defamation (defamation, slander, censure, criticism)

• द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the twice-born (Brahmins) (of the twice-born, of Brahmins)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• श्रोतव्यः (śrotavyaḥ) - should be heard (to be heard, should be heard, fit to be heard)

• कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way, ever (in any way, by any means, ever (often used with a negative sense))

• आसीत (āsīta) - one should sit (one should sit, he should sit)

• अधोमुखः (adhomukhaḥ) - with a downward-turned face (downward-faced, having face downwards, dejected, humble)

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently (silently, in silence, quietly)

• समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - having risen (having risen, having stood up, having arisen)

• व्रजेत (vrajeta) - one should depart (one should go, he should go, one should depart)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

Words meanings and morphology

परिवादः (parivādaḥ) - defamation (defamation, slander, censure, criticism)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivāda

parivāda - defamation, slander, censure, criticism

Derived from prefix 'pari-' and root '√vad' (to speak) with suffix 'ghaṃ' (nominalizer)

Prefix: pari

Root: vad (class 1)

द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the twice-born (Brahmins) (of the twice-born, of Brahmins)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (a Brahmin, a Kshatriya, a Vaishya), bird, snake, tooth

Compound: 'dvi' (twice) + 'jāti' (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, species, class
  noun (feminine)
  From root '√jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

श्रोतव्यः (śrotavyaḥ) - should be heard (to be heard, should be heard, fit to be heard)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, should be heard, fit to be heard

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Formed from root '√śru' (to hear) with the suffix '-tavya'

Root: śru (class 5)

कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way, ever (in any way, by any means, ever (often used with a negative sense))

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'katham' (how) and 'cana' (an indefinite particle)

Compound type : indeclinable (katham+cana)

• katham – how, in what manner
  indeclinable
• cana – and, also, an indefinite particle (with interrogatives: 'any')
  indeclinable

आसीत (āsīta) - one should sit (one should sit, he should sit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

अधोमुखः (adhomukhaḥ) - with a downward-turned face (downward-faced, having face downwards, dejected, humble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhomukha

adhomukha - downward-faced, having face downwards

Compound: 'adhas' (downward) + 'mukha' (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – down, below, underneath
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front, beginning
  noun (neuter)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently (silently, in silence, quietly)

(indeclinable)

समुत्थाय (samutthāya) - having risen (having risen, having stood up, having arisen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root '√sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'ud-' and suffix '-ya'

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

व्रजेत (vrajeta) - one should depart (one should go, he should go, one should depart)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vraj

Root: vraj (class 1)

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)