महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-33, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
एतद्राज्ञः कृत्यतममभिषिक्तस्य भारत ।
ब्राह्मणानामनुष्ठानमत्यन्तं सुखमिच्छता ।
श्रोत्रियान्ब्राह्मणान्वृद्धान्नित्यमेवाभिपूजयेत् ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etadrājñaḥ kṛtyatamamabhiṣiktasya bhārata ,
brāhmaṇānāmanuṣṭhānamatyantaṁ sukhamicchatā ,
śrotriyānbrāhmaṇānvṛddhānnityamevābhipūjayet.

2. bhīṣma uvāca etat rājñaḥ kṛtyatamam
abhiṣiktasya bhārata brāhmaṇānām anuṣṭhānam
atyantam sukham icchatā śrotriyān
brāhmaṇān vṛddhān nityam eva abhipūjayet

2. Bhīṣma said: “O Bhārata, this is the most crucial duty of an anointed king; for one who desires ultimate happiness, it is the proper support of the Brahmins. He should always honor learned (śrotriya) and elderly Brahmins.”

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this (neuter)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

• कृत्यतमम् (kṛtyatamam) - most important duty (most important duty, most excellent action)

• अभिषिक्तस्य (abhiṣiktasya) - of an anointed king (of the anointed one, of the consecrated one)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins, pertaining to Brahmins

• अनुष्ठानम् (anuṣṭhānam) - proper support/observance (performance, observance, practice, support)

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - supreme (exceedingly, greatly, ultimate, supreme)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, ease, pleasure)

• इच्छता (icchatā) - for one desiring (by one desiring, desiring (instrumental singular))

• श्रोत्रियान् (śrotriyān) - learned (Vedic) (learned in the Vedas, Vedic scholar)

• ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elderly (old, aged, grown, wise)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

• अभिपूजयेत् (abhipūjayet) - he should honor (he should honor, he should worship)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of the son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu)

Note: Subject of the verb.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form.

एतत् (etat) - this (neuter)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the duty described.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Possessive.

कृत्यतमम् (kṛtyatamam) - most important duty (most important duty, most excellent action)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtyatama

kṛtyatama - most important duty, most excellent action

Superlative of kṛtya

Note: Predicate adjective for 'etat'.

अभिषिक्तस्य (abhiṣiktasya) - of an anointed king (of the anointed one, of the consecrated one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhiṣikta

abhiṣikta - anointed, consecrated, inaugurated (king)

Past Passive Participle

From root sic (to sprinkle) with upasarga abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: sic (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'rājñaḥ'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata (epithet for a Kuru prince)

Patronymic from Bharata

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins, pertaining to Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Note: Possessive for 'anuṣṭhānam'.

अनुष्ठानम् (anuṣṭhānam) - proper support/observance (performance, observance, practice, support)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuṣṭhāna

anuṣṭhāna - performance, observance, practice, execution, support

action noun

From root sthā (to stand) with upasargas anu and s-substitution

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: This is the specific 'duty' (kṛtyatamam).

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - supreme (exceedingly, greatly, ultimate, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atyanta

atyanta - excessive, extreme, ultimate, perpetual

Prefix: ati

Root: ant

Note: Modifies 'sukham'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, ease, pleasure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasure

Note: Object of desire.

इच्छता (icchatā) - for one desiring (by one desiring, desiring (instrumental singular))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of iṣ

iṣ - to wish, to desire, to seek

Present Active Participle

From root iṣ (6th class, Parasmaipada)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (king).

श्रोत्रियान् (śrotriyān) - learned (Vedic) (learned in the Vedas, Vedic scholar)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śrotriya

śrotriya - learned in the Vedas, versed in sacred knowledge, a Vedic scholar

From śrotra (ear, hearing) indicating one who has heard the Vedas

Note: Modifies 'brāhmaṇān'.

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Note: Object of 'abhipūjayet'.

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elderly (old, aged, grown, wise)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, wise, experienced

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'brāhmaṇān'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis with 'nityam'.

अभिपूजयेत् (abhipūjayet) - he should honor (he should honor, he should worship)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of abhipūj

Causative/10th class root pūj with upasarga abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Prescriptive form.