महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-33, verse-19

शका यवनकाम्बोजास्तास्ताः क्षत्रियजातयः ।
वृषलत्वं परिगता ब्राह्मणानामदर्शनात् ॥१९॥

19. śakā yavanakāmbojāstāstāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ ,
vṛṣalatvaṁ parigatā brāhmaṇānāmadarśanāt.

19. śakāḥ yavanakāmbojāḥ tāḥ tāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ
vr̥ṣalatvam parigatāḥ brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt

19. śakāḥ yavanakāmbojāḥ tāḥ tāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ
brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt vr̥ṣalatvam parigatāḥ

19. The Śakas, Yavanas, and Kambojas—those various kṣatriya tribes—have fallen into the state of śūdras (vr̥ṣalatva) due to the absence of Brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• शकाः (śakāḥ) - Śakas (a people/tribe)

• यवनकाम्बोजाः (yavanakāmbojāḥ) - Yavanas and Kambojas (names of tribes/peoples)

• ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the kṣatriya tribes (those)

• ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the kṣatriya tribes (those)

• क्षत्रियजातयः (kṣatriyajātayaḥ) - kṣatriya tribes/castes

• व्र्̥षलत्वम् (vr̥ṣalatvam) - fallen into the lowest social class, having lost their kṣatriya status (state of a śūdra, low status)

• परिगताः (parigatāḥ) - have fallen into (the state of śūdras) (having reached, attained, fallen into)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• अदर्शनात् (adarśanāt) - due to the absence or non-observance of Brahmins (e.g., their teachings or presence) (from not seeing, due to the absence, due to lack of observation)

Words meanings and morphology

शकाः (śakāḥ) - Śakas (a people/tribe)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śaka

śaka - name of a Scythian tribe

यवनकाम्बोजाः (yavanakāmbojāḥ) - Yavanas and Kambojas (names of tribes/peoples)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yavanakāmboja

yavanakāmboja - Yavanas and Kambojas (tribes)

Dvanda compound

Compound type : dvandva (yavana+kāmboja)

• yavana – Ionian, Greek, a foreigner
  proper noun (masculine)
• kāmboja – name of a tribe/country
  proper noun (masculine)

ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the kṣatriya tribes (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used in repetition 'tāstāḥ' to denote 'various' or 'those particular'.

ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the kṣatriya tribes (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used in repetition 'tāstāḥ' to denote 'various' or 'those particular'.

क्षत्रियजातयः (kṣatriyajātayaḥ) - kṣatriya tribes/castes

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṣatriyajāti

kṣatriyajāti - kṣatriya tribe, kṣatriya lineage

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+jāti)

• kṣatriya – warrior, belonging to the kṣatriya class
  noun (masculine)
• jāti – birth, lineage, tribe, caste, kind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

व्र्̥षलत्वम् (vr̥ṣalatvam) - fallen into the lowest social class, having lost their kṣatriya status (state of a śūdra, low status)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vr̥ṣalatva

vr̥ṣalatva - state of being a śūdra, low status

Noun formed with suffix -tva from vr̥ṣala ('śūdra')

परिगताः (parigatāḥ) - have fallen into (the state of śūdras) (having reached, attained, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of parigata

parigata - gone around, encompassed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pari- + root gam ('to go')

Prefix: pari

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively.

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahman

अदर्शनात् (adarśanāt) - due to the absence or non-observance of Brahmins (e.g., their teachings or presence) (from not seeing, due to the absence, due to lack of observation)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of adarśana

adarśana - not seeing, absence, disappearance, lack of vision

Noun formed from negative prefix a- + root dr̥ś ('to see') + suffix -ana

Prefix: a

Root: dr̥ś (class 1)