महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-33, verse-22

यस्तु सर्वमिदं हन्याद्ब्राह्मणं च न तत्समम् ।
ब्रह्मवध्या महान्दोष इत्याहुः परमर्षयः ॥२२॥

22. yastu sarvamidaṁ hanyādbrāhmaṇaṁ ca na tatsamam ,
brahmavadhyā mahāndoṣa ityāhuḥ paramarṣayaḥ.

22. yaḥ tu sarvam idam hanyāt brāhmaṇam ca na tat samam
brahmavadhyā mahān doṣaḥ iti āhuḥ paramarṣayaḥ

22. yaḥ tu sarvam idam ca brāhmaṇam hanyāt,
tat na samam.
paramarṣayaḥ iti āhuḥ brahmavadhyā mahān doṣaḥ.

22. But whoever would kill all of this (creation), even that is not comparable to killing a Brahmin. The great sages (paramarṣi) declare that the killing of a Brahmin (brahmavadhyā) is a great sin.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, indicating a contrast or emphasis (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of this world, all creation (all, whole, every)

• इदम् (idam) - this (world, creation) which is visible or referred to (this, here)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill, were to kill (may kill, should kill)

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin

• च (ca) - used here to add the idea of 'even' or 'also' (and)

• न (na) - not, no

• तत् (tat) - that (act of killing all creation) (that)

• समम् (samam) - comparable, equivalent (to killing a Brahmin) (equal, similar, even)

• ब्रह्मवध्या (brahmavadhyā) - killing of a Brahmin

• महान् (mahān) - great, large

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - great sin, moral transgression (fault, defect, sin)

• इति (iti) - introducing a direct quote or statement (thus, so, in this manner)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

तु (tu) - but, indicating a contrast or emphasis (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of this world, all creation (all, whole, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

इदम् (idam) - this (world, creation) which is visible or referred to (this, here)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill, were to kill (may kill, should kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

From root han, Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha class 2

Root: han (class 2)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class; relating to Brahman

च (ca) - used here to add the idea of 'even' or 'also' (and)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (act of killing all creation) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the act of killing all creation mentioned in the first part of the verse.

समम् (samam) - comparable, equivalent (to killing a Brahmin) (equal, similar, even)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, similar, same, even

ब्रह्मवध्या (brahmavadhyā) - killing of a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of brahmavadhyā

brahmavadhyā - killing of a Brahmin, a sacrilege

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+vadhyā)

• brahman – Brahmin, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: br̥h (class 1)
• vadhyā – killing, slaughter, execution
  noun (feminine)
  From root vadh / han ('to kill')
  Root: han (class 2)

महान् (mahān) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Agrees with `doṣaḥ`.

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - great sin, moral transgression (fault, defect, sin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin, offence

From root duṣ ('to be corrupt, pollute')

Root: duṣ (class 4)

इति (iti) - introducing a direct quote or statement (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice

From root ah, an irregular verb (often replaced by vac)

Root: ah

परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paramarṣi

paramarṣi - great sage, supreme seer

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+r̥ṣi)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of pra ('forward, before')
• r̥ṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: r̥ṣ (class 1)