महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-138, verse-5

तस्मिन्नहं च क्रुद्धे वै जगत्त्यक्त्वा ततो गतः ।
व्यतिष्ठमग्निहोत्रे च चिरमङ्गिरसो भयात् ॥५॥

5. tasminnahaṁ ca kruddhe vai jagattyaktvā tato gataḥ ,
vyatiṣṭhamagnihotre ca ciramaṅgiraso bhayāt.

5. tasmin aham ca kruddhe vai jagat tyaktvā tataḥ
gataḥ vyatiṣṭham agnihotre ca ciram aṅgirasaḥ bhayāt

5. And when he was indeed enraged, I abandoned the world and went from there. From fear of Angiras, I remained in the (agnihotra) Vedic fire ritual for a long time.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when he (was) (in him, in that (time/state))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• च (ca) - and, also

• क्रुद्धे (kruddhe) - angry, enraged

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• जगत् (jagat) - the world, moving

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

• व्यतिष्ठम् (vyatiṣṭham) - I remained, I stood

• अग्निहोत्रे (agnihotre) - in the Vedic fire ritual (agnihotra)

• च (ca) - and, also

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

• अङ्गिरसः (aṅgirasaḥ) - of Angiras

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when he (was) (in him, in that (time/state))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Used adverbially to indicate a circumstance: 'when he was angry'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: The speaker.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धे (kruddhe) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `tasmin`.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

जगत् (jagat) - the world, moving

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, that which moves

Present active participle of `gam` (to go) used as a noun, referring to 'that which moves' i.e., the world.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of the absolutive `tyaktvā`.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then

(indeclinable)

From pronoun `tad` with the ablative suffix `tas`.

Note: Indicates movement away from a place or a sequence of events.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, gone to, departed, past

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with suffix 'kta'. Often used actively in motion verbs.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

व्यतिष्ठम् (vyatiṣṭham) - I remained, I stood

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyatiṣṭham

Imperfect, 1st person singular, active voice

From root 'sthā' (class 1) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ati'. Imperfect tense, 1st person singular, active voice. The augment 'a' indicates past tense. `ṣ` is due to retroflexion rules.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: sthā (class 1)

अग्निहोत्रे (agnihotre) - in the Vedic fire ritual (agnihotra)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of agnihotra

agnihotra - agnihotra, a specific Vedic fire ritual, oblation to Agni

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+hotra)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• hotra – oblation, sacrifice, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root `hu` (to offer) with `tra` suffix (instrument).
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Place where the speaker remained.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates duration.

अङ्गिरसः (aṅgirasaḥ) - of Angiras

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aṅgiras

aṅgiras - Angiras (name of a revered Vedic sage, one of the Saptarishis)

Note: Used with `bhayāt` (from fear of Angiras).

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Derived from root `bhī` (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Indicates the cause or reason.