महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-138, verse-4

स ताः पिबन्क्षीरमिव नातृप्यत महातपाः ।
अपूरयन्महौघेन महीं सर्वां च पार्थिव ॥४॥

4. sa tāḥ pibankṣīramiva nātṛpyata mahātapāḥ ,
apūrayanmahaughena mahīṁ sarvāṁ ca pārthiva.

4. saḥ tāḥ piban kṣīram iva na atṛpyata mahātapaḥ
apūrayan mahaughena mahīm sarvām ca pārthiva

4. O King, that great ascetic, while drinking those (waters) as if they were milk, was not satisfied. Filling the entire earth with a great flood, he remained unsatiated.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (waters, streams, implied) (those)

• पिबन् (piban) - drinking

• क्षीरम् (kṣīram) - milk

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• न (na) - not, no

• अतृप्यत (atṛpyata) - was satiated (was satisfied)

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - great ascetic, one of great austerity

• अपूरयन् (apūrayan) - filling, causing to fill

• महौघेन (mahaughena) - with a great flood, with a mighty stream

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, whole, entire

• च (ca) - and, also

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King, O ruler

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the great ascetic.

ताः (tāḥ) - those (waters, streams, implied) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to implied waters or streams from the context of filling the earth with a flood.

पिबन् (piban) - drinking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pibat

pibat - drinking

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pā' (to drink) with śatṛ affix.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

क्षीरम् (kṣīram) - milk

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣīra

kṣīra - milk, water, liquid

Note: Object of comparison with `iva`.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `atṛpyata`.

अतृप्यत (atṛpyata) - was satiated (was satisfied)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of tṛp

Imperfect

Root 'tṛp' (class 4) in imperfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular. Augmented 'a' indicates past tense.

Root: tṛp (class 4)

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - great ascetic, one of great austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one of great austerity, great penance

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

अपूरयन् (apūrayan) - filling, causing to fill

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apūrayat

pūrayat - filling, causing to fill

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from causative of root 'pṛ' (to fill) with śatṛ affix. The 'a' prefix here is part of the participle form, not a verbal augment.

Prefix: ā

Root: pṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

महौघेन (mahaughena) - with a great flood, with a mighty stream

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahaugha

mahaugha - great flood, mighty stream, large multitude

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ogha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ogha – flood, torrent, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument by which the earth was filled.

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

Note: Object of the participle `apūrayan`.

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, whole, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Agrees with `mahīm`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects and emphasizes the completeness ('all') of the earth.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King, O ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - belonging to the earth, earthly, a king, prince

Derived from `pṛthivī` (earth) with the taddhita suffix `aṇ`.

Note: An address to the listener.

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