महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-138, verse-2

त्यक्त्वा महीत्वं भूमिस्तु स्पर्धयाङ्गनृपस्य ह ।
नाशं जगाम तां विप्रो व्यष्टम्भयत कश्यपः ॥२॥

2. tyaktvā mahītvaṁ bhūmistu spardhayāṅganṛpasya ha ,
nāśaṁ jagāma tāṁ vipro vyaṣṭambhayata kaśyapaḥ.

2. tyaktvā mahītvam bhūmiḥ tu spardhayā aṅganṛpasya
ha nāśam jagāma tām vipraḥ vyastambhayat kaśyapaḥ

2. bhūmiḥ tu aṅganṛpasya spardhayā mahītvam tyaktvā
ha nāśam jagāma vipraḥ kaśyapaḥ tām vyastambhayat

2. But the Earth (bhūmi), having abandoned her essential nature due to rivalry with King Aṅga, indeed went towards destruction. The brahmin (brāhmaṇa) Kaśyapa then stabilized her.

Words meanings summery:

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• महीत्वम् (mahītvam) - the state of being earth, earth-ness, essential nature of earth

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - The Earth personified as a deity or entity. (Earth, ground)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - by rivalry, out of competition

• अङ्गनृपस्य (aṅganṛpasya) - of King Aṅga

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

• नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin, disappearance

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, reached, attained

• ताम् (tām) - Refers to the Earth (bhūmi). (her, that (feminine singular))

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa), a sage

• व्यस्तम्भयत् (vyastambhayat) - supported, held up, stabilized, propped up

• कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa (a celebrated sage)

Words meanings and morphology

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root √tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action by the subject (bhūmiḥ).

महीत्वम् (mahītvam) - the state of being earth, earth-ness, essential nature of earth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahītva

mahītva - the state of being the earth, earth-ness

Abstract noun from 'mahī' (earth) + 'tva' (suffix)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - The Earth personified as a deity or entity. (Earth, ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, land, ground

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Provides emphasis or slight contrast.

स्पर्धया (spardhayā) - by rivalry, out of competition

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of spardhā

spardhā - rivalry, competition, emulation

Ā-stem feminine.

Note: Indicates the reason for abandoning her nature.

अङ्गनृपस्य (aṅganṛpasya) - of King Aṅga

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aṅganṛpa

aṅganṛpa - King Aṅga

Compound of Aṅga (proper noun) + Nṛpa (king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aṅga+nṛpa)

• aṅga – Aṅga (name of a king/country)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From nṛ (man) + √pā (protect)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the king with whom the rivalry existed.

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin, disappearance

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāśa

nāśa - destruction, ruin, loss

From root √naś

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Object of motion (went to destruction).

जगाम (jagāma) - went, reached, attained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

perfect

Reduplicated perfect of √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense, third person singular.

ताम् (tām) - Refers to the Earth (bhūmi). (her, that (feminine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, her

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'vyastambhayat'.

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa), a sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, sage, inspired, wise

From √vip (to tremble, inspire).

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vyastambhayat'.

व्यस्तम्भयत् (vyastambhayat) - supported, held up, stabilized, propped up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of viṣṭambh

imperfect, causative

From prefix 'vi' + root '√stambh' (to fix, support), causative 'stambhay', imperfect augment 'a'. The 's' of 'stambh' is retroflexed to 'ṣ' after the prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: stambh (class 5)

कश्यपः (kaśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa (a celebrated sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaśyapa

kaśyapa - Kaśyapa (name of a sage, one of the seven great rishis)

Note: Subject of 'vyastambhayat'.