महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-136, verse-9

धुरि ये नावसीदन्ति विषमे सद्गवा इव ।
पितृदेवातिथिमुखा हव्यकव्याग्रभोजिनः ॥९॥

9. dhuri ye nāvasīdanti viṣame sadgavā iva ,
pitṛdevātithimukhā havyakavyāgrabhojinaḥ.

9. dhuri ye na avasīdanti viṣame sadgavā iva
pitṛdevātithimukhāḥ havyakavyāgrabhojinaḥ

9. ye sadgavā iva viṣame dhuri na avasīdanti,
pitṛdevātithimukhāḥ havyakavyāgrabhojinaḥ

9. Those who do not falter under the burden, even in difficult situations, like good oxen; those who honor ancestors, gods, and guests as primary, offering them the first portions of oblations for gods (havya) and offerings for ancestors (kavya).

Words meanings summery:

• धुरि (dhuri) - under the burden (of duty) (in the yoke, in the lead, in the front, at the fore)

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• न (na) - not, no

• अवसीदन्ति (avasīdanti) - they falter (they sink down, they become disheartened, they fail)

• विषमे (viṣame) - in difficult situations (in uneven ground, in difficult situations, in adverse circumstances)

• सद्गवा (sadgavā) - like good oxen (implying steadfastness) (like good oxen/cows)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पितृदेवातिथिमुखाः (pitṛdevātithimukhāḥ) - those who honor ancestors, gods, and guests as paramount (those for whom ancestors, gods, and guests are primary)

• हव्यकव्याग्रभोजिनः (havyakavyāgrabhojinaḥ) - offering them the first portions of oblations for gods (havya) and offerings for ancestors (kavya) (those who eat first from oblations for gods and ancestors, or those for whom these are the first food.)

Words meanings and morphology

धुरि (dhuri) - under the burden (of duty) (in the yoke, in the lead, in the front, at the fore)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - yoke, burden, charge, chief, front

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवसीदन्ति (avasīdanti) - they falter (they sink down, they become disheartened, they fail)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of avasīd

present active

3rd person plural, present indicative active

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

विषमे (viṣame) - in difficult situations (in uneven ground, in difficult situations, in adverse circumstances)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, dangerous, adverse

Note: Can also be interpreted as locative of a neuter noun viṣama (difficult situation).

सद्गवा (sadgavā) - like good oxen (implying steadfastness) (like good oxen/cows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sadgava

sadgava - good ox, good cow

Compound of sat (good) and gava (ox/cow)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+gava)

• sat – good, true, excellent
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• gava – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (masculine/feminine)

Note: Plural form of sadgava.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

पितृदेवातिथिमुखाः (pitṛdevātithimukhāḥ) - those who honor ancestors, gods, and guests as paramount (those for whom ancestors, gods, and guests are primary)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛdevātithimukha

pitṛdevātithimukha - having ancestors, gods, and guests as the chief/foremost

Compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pitṛ+deva+atithi+mukha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• atithi – guest, stranger
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief, front, beginning
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject 'they'.

हव्यकव्याग्रभोजिनः (havyakavyāgrabhojinaḥ) - offering them the first portions of oblations for gods (havya) and offerings for ancestors (kavya) (those who eat first from oblations for gods and ancestors, or those for whom these are the first food.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of havyakavyāgrabhojin

havyakavyāgrabhojin - one who eats first from havya and kavya; one who partakes first of havya and kavya. Or one who offers havya and kavya first.

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (havya+kavya+agra+bhojin)

• havya – oblation, offering to gods
  noun (neuter)
  gerundive/past participle (root hu)
  gerundive from root hu (to offer)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• kavya – offering to ancestors (pitṛ)
  noun (neuter)
  Related to kavi (seer, poet), for ancestors
• agra – first, foremost, tip, beginning
  noun/adjective (neuter)
• bhojin – one who eats, enjoys, consumes
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from root bhuj
  suffix -in
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject 'they'.