महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-136, verse-19

येषां वृद्धश्च बालश्च सर्वः संमानमर्हति ।
तपोविद्याविशेषात्तु मानयन्ति परस्परम् ॥१९॥

19. yeṣāṁ vṛddhaśca bālaśca sarvaḥ saṁmānamarhati ,
tapovidyāviśeṣāttu mānayanti parasparam.

19. yeṣām vṛddhaḥ ca bālaḥ ca sarvaḥ saṃmānam arhati
tapas-vidyā-viśeṣāt tu mānayanti parasparam

19. yeṣām vṛddhaḥ ca bālaḥ ca sarvaḥ saṃmānam arhati.
tu tapas-vidyā-viśeṣāt parasparam mānayanti.

19. Among whom every person, whether old or young, deserves respect; furthermore, by virtue of their specific distinction in spiritual discipline (tapas) and knowledge, they honor each other.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old person, elder; grown, aged

• च (ca) - and, also

• बालः (bālaḥ) - child, young one, boy

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every person, whether old or young (all, every, whole, everyone)

• संमानम् (saṁmānam) - respect, honor

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of, ought

• तपस्-विद्या-विशेषात् (tapas-vidyā-viśeṣāt) - due to specific distinction in spiritual discipline and knowledge

• तु (tu) - furthermore (but, on the other hand, moreover, indeed)

• मानयन्ति (mānayanti) - they honor, they show respect

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Genitive plural of the relative pronoun 'yad', referring to the people being described.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old person, elder; grown, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased; an old man, an elder

Past Passive Participle

Root 'vṛdh' (to grow) + 'kta'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Used substantively to mean 'an old person'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बालः (bālaḥ) - child, young one, boy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every person, whether old or young (all, every, whole, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

संमानम् (saṁmānam) - respect, honor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃmāna

saṁmāna - respect, honor, reverence, esteem

Derived from 'sam' + root 'mān' (to honor)

Prefix: sam

Root: mān (class 10)

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of, ought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

तपस्-विद्या-विशेषात् (tapas-vidyā-viśeṣāt) - due to specific distinction in spiritual discipline and knowledge

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tapas-vidyā-viśeṣa

tapas-vidyā-viśeṣa - specific distinction in asceticism and knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+vidyā+viśeṣa)

• tapas – heat, warmth, pain, suffering, asceticism, penance, spiritual discipline
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, doctrine
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• viśeṣa – distinction, difference, peculiarity, excellence, specific quality
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' + root 'śiṣ' (to distinguish)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: The ablative case indicates the reason or cause ('by virtue of').

तु (tu) - furthermore (but, on the other hand, moreover, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मानयन्ति (mānayanti) - they honor, they show respect

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of mānay

Causative stem of root 'mān'

Root 'mān' (to think, believe) in causative (10th class conjugation)

Root: mān (class 4)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'mutually'.