महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-123, verse-5

तपसा महदाप्नोति विद्यया चेति नः श्रुतम् ।
तपसैव चापनुदेद्यच्चान्यदपि दुष्कृतम् ॥५॥

5. tapasā mahadāpnoti vidyayā ceti naḥ śrutam ,
tapasaiva cāpanudedyaccānyadapi duṣkṛtam.

5. tapasā mahat āpnoti vidyayā ca iti naḥ śrutam
tapasā eva ca apanudet yat ca anyat api duṣkṛtam

5. Through austerity (tapas), one attains greatness, and through knowledge – this we have heard. And by austerity (tapas) alone, one should indeed eliminate any other misdeed (duṣkṛta) as well.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - through austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through penance)

• महत् (mahat) - greatness (great thing, greatness)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - one attains (one obtains, one reaches)

• विद्यया (vidyayā) - through knowledge (by knowledge, through learning)

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - thus, as (we have heard) (thus, so)

• नः (naḥ) - by us (by us, for us, us)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - (it is) heard, (we have) heard (heard, learned, revealed)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through penance)

• एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, indeed, just)

• च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

• अपनुदेत् (apanudet) - one should eliminate (one should remove, one should ward off)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (misdeed) (whatever, which)

• च (ca) - as well (and, also)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - any other (other, another)

• अपि (api) - as well (also, even)

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed (duṣkṛta) (misdeed, evil deed, sin)

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - through austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - greatness (great thing, greatness)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important; greatness

Note: Functions as a noun here, meaning 'a great thing' or 'greatness'.

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - one attains (one obtains, one reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

present active, 3rd singular

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

विद्यया (vidyayā) - through knowledge (by knowledge, through learning)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science

from root vid, 'to know'

Root: vid (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, as (we have heard) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us (by us, for us, us)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic pronoun, equivalent to 'asmābhiḥ' in a passive construction.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - (it is) heard, (we have) heard (heard, learned, revealed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, revealed; what is heard (Veda)

past passive participle

from root śru, 'to hear'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Part of an impersonal passive construction meaning "it has been heard by us."

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, through penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle.

च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins the clauses.

अपनुदेत् (apanudet) - one should eliminate (one should remove, one should ward off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of apanud

optative active, 3rd singular

from apa-nud, 'to push away'

Prefix: apa

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Expresses a recommendation or obligation.

यत् (yat) - whatever (misdeed) (whatever, which)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - as well (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - any other (other, another)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another

अपि (api) - as well (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle.

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed (duṣkṛta) (misdeed, evil deed, sin)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - misdeed, evil deed, sin

compound of 'dus' (bad, evil) and 'kṛta' (deed, done)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix
• kṛta – done, made, deed, act
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root kṛ, 'to do'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)