महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-123, verse-15

कौमारदारव्रतवान्मैत्रेय निरतो भव ।
एतद्गृहाण प्रथमं प्रशस्तं गृहमेधिनाम् ॥१५॥

15. kaumāradāravratavānmaitreya nirato bhava ,
etadgṛhāṇa prathamaṁ praśastaṁ gṛhamedhinām.

15. kaumāradāravratavān maitreya nirataḥ bhava
etat gṛhāṇa prathamam praśastam gṛhamedhinām

15. maitreya kaumāradāravratavān nirataḥ bhava.
gṛhamedhinām prathamam praśastam etat gṛhāṇa.

15. O Maitreya, be faithful to your wife (from the time of marriage). Accept this, which is the foremost and most highly praised (conduct) among householders.

Words meanings summery:

• कौमारदारव्रतवान् (kaumāradāravratavān) - possessing the vow concerning a wife (taken in youth/virginity), faithful to one's wife

• मैत्रेय (maitreya) - Addressing the sage Maitreya (O Maitreya)

• निरतः (nirataḥ) - devoted, intent on, engaged in

• भव (bhava) - be, become

• एतत् (etat) - This duty or conduct (this)

• गृहाण (gṛhāṇa) - take, accept

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, foremost

• प्रशस्तम् (praśastam) - praised, commended, excellent

• गृहमेधिनाम् (gṛhamedhinām) - of householders

Words meanings and morphology

कौमारदारव्रतवान् (kaumāradāravratavān) - possessing the vow concerning a wife (taken in youth/virginity), faithful to one's wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaumāradāravratavat

kaumāradāravratavat - one who maintains the vow concerning a wife taken from youth (i.e., fidelity to the first wife)

Possessive adjective formed from the compound 'kaumāradāravrata' with suffix -vat.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaumāra+dāra+vrata)

• kaumāra – relating to a boy/youth/virginity
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from 'kumāra' (boy, youth, virgin).
• dāra – wife, wives (often plural)
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (Maitreya).

मैत्रेय (maitreya) - Addressing the sage Maitreya (O Maitreya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of maitreya

maitreya - Son of Mitra, a proper name (sage Maitreya)

निरतः (nirataḥ) - devoted, intent on, engaged in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirata

nirata - devoted, attached, engaged in, absorbed in

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ram' (to delight, to stop) with prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject 'you'.

भव (bhava) - be, become

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative Mood

Root: bhū (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - This duty or conduct (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Object of 'gṛhāṇa'.

गृहाण (gṛhāṇa) - take, accept

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of grah

Imperative Mood (Ātmanepada)

Irregular form from root 'grah'.

Root: grah (class 9)

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, principal

Superlative form from 'pra'.

Note: Adjective modifying the implied 'dharma' or referring to 'etat'.

प्रशस्तम् (praśastam) - praised, commended, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praśasta

praśasta - praised, commended, excellent, auspicious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'dharma' or refers to 'etat'.

गृहमेधिनाम् (gṛhamedhinām) - of householders

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gṛhamedhin

gṛhamedhin - householder, one who performs Vedic rituals in his home

From 'gṛhamedha' (household ritual) + suffix '-in'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+medha)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• medha – Vedic ritual (yajña), sacrifice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Shows possession or relation, 'of householders'.