महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-108, verse-6

ज्येष्ठः कुलं वर्धयति विनाशयति वा पुनः ।
हन्ति सर्वमपि ज्येष्ठः कुलं यत्रावजायते ॥६॥

6. jyeṣṭhaḥ kulaṁ vardhayati vināśayati vā punaḥ ,
hanti sarvamapi jyeṣṭhaḥ kulaṁ yatrāvajāyate.

6. jyeṣṭhaḥ kulam vardhayati vināśayati vā punaḥ
hanti sarvam api jyeṣṭhaḥ kulam yatra avajāyate

6. jyeṣṭhaḥ kulam vardhayati vā punaḥ vināśayati
yatra jyeṣṭhaḥ avajāyate sarvam api kulam hanti

6. The eldest son either brings prosperity to the family or, conversely, destroys it. Where an eldest son degenerates, he destroys the entire family into which he is born.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best, senior)

• कुलम् (kulam) - the family (family, race, lineage, noble lineage)

• वर्धयति (vardhayati) - causes to prosper, promotes the welfare of (causes to grow, makes to prosper, increases)

• विनाशयति (vināśayati) - destroys (destroys, ruins, causes to perish)

• वा (vā) - or, alternatively (or, either...or)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - conversely (again, but, on the other hand, conversely)

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (kills, strikes, destroys)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (family) (all, whole, entire)

• अपि (api) - indeed, even (emphasizing the extent of destruction) (also, even, indeed)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best, senior)

• कुलम् (kulam) - the family (that he is born into) (family, race, lineage, noble lineage)

• यत्र (yatra) - in which (case) (where, in which, in which case)

• अवजायते (avajāyate) - degenerates (is born improperly or becomes inferior) (is born in a low state, degenerates, is born improperly)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best, senior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best, senior

superlative

Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old, grown) or 'praśasya' (excellent)

कुलम् (kulam) - the family (family, race, lineage, noble lineage)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, race, lineage, clan, noble lineage

Note: Object of 'vardhayati' and 'vināśayati'.

वर्धयति (vardhayati) - causes to prosper, promotes the welfare of (causes to grow, makes to prosper, increases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (causative)

Causative stem (vardhaya-) + present ending

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

विनाशयति (vināśayati) - destroys (destroys, ruins, causes to perish)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (causative)

Causative stem (nāśaya-) + prefix vi + present ending

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

वा (vā) - or, alternatively (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - conversely (again, but, on the other hand, conversely)

(indeclinable)

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (kills, strikes, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: han (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (family) (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

अपि (api) - indeed, even (emphasizing the extent of destruction) (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best, senior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best, senior

superlative

Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old, grown) or 'praśasya' (excellent)

कुलम् (kulam) - the family (that he is born into) (family, race, lineage, noble lineage)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, race, lineage, clan, noble lineage

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

यत्र (yatra) - in which (case) (where, in which, in which case)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun ya- + suffix tral

अवजायते (avajāyate) - degenerates (is born improperly or becomes inferior) (is born in a low state, degenerates, is born improperly)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

From root jan (to be born) + prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: jan (class 4)