महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-108, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यथा ज्येष्ठः कनिष्ठेषु वर्तते भरतर्षभ ।
कनिष्ठाश्च यथा ज्येष्ठे वर्तेरंस्तद्ब्रवीहि मे ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yathā jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭheṣu vartate bharatarṣabha ,
kaniṣṭhāśca yathā jyeṣṭhe varteraṁstadbravīhi me.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yathā jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭheṣu vartate
bharatarṣabha kaniṣṭhāḥ ca yathā jyeṣṭhe varteran tat bravīhi me

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha yathā jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭheṣu
vartate ca yathā kaniṣṭhāḥ jyeṣṭhe varteran tat me bravīhi

1. Yudhishthira said: "O best of Bharatas, tell me how an elder should behave towards younger ones, and similarly, how younger ones should behave towards an elder."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder, eldest, superior

• कनिष्ठेषु (kaniṣṭheṣu) - among the younger ones, towards the younger ones

• वर्तते (vartate) - behaves (behaves, exists, turns, occurs)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Bhishma (O best of Bharatas)

• कनिष्ठाः (kaniṣṭhāḥ) - younger ones, youngest ones

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

• ज्येष्ठे (jyeṣṭhe) - towards an elder, in an elder

• वर्तेरन् (varteran) - should behave (should behave, should exist)

• तत् (tat) - that (matter/instruction) (that, therefore)

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, say

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira, steady in battle

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative case form of yudh (battle), used adverbially in a compound
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder, eldest, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - elder, eldest, superior, principal

Superlative of yuvan (young) or praśasya (excellent)

कनिष्ठेषु (kaniṣṭheṣu) - among the younger ones, towards the younger ones

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of kaniṣṭha

kaniṣṭha - younger, youngest, inferior, junior

Superlative of yuvan (young) or laghu (small)

वर्तते (vartate) - behaves (behaves, exists, turns, occurs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vṛt

Present Middle

Present 3rd person singular, ātmanepada of √vṛt (to turn, to be)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Bhishma (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king, India
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, leader
  noun (masculine)

कनिष्ठाः (kaniṣṭhāḥ) - younger ones, youngest ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaniṣṭha

kaniṣṭha - younger, youngest, inferior, junior

Superlative of yuvan (young) or laghu (small)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठे (jyeṣṭhe) - towards an elder, in an elder

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - elder, eldest, superior, principal

Superlative of yuvan (young) or praśasya (excellent)

वर्तेरन् (varteran) - should behave (should behave, should exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

Optative Middle

Optative 3rd person plural, ātmanepada of √vṛt (to turn, to be)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (matter/instruction) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

Imperative 2nd person singular, parasmaipada of √brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Alternate form for dative and genitive singular of asmad.