महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-108, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
ज्येष्ठवत्तात वर्तस्व ज्येष्ठो हि सततं भवान् ।
गुरोर्गरीयसी वृत्तिर्या चेच्छिष्यस्य भारत ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
jyeṣṭhavattāta vartasva jyeṣṭho hi satataṁ bhavān ,
gurorgarīyasī vṛttiryā cecchiṣyasya bhārata.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca jyeṣṭhavat tāta vartasva jyeṣṭhaḥ hi satatam
bhavān guroḥ garīyasī vṛttiḥ yā ca it śiṣyasya bhārata

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tāta jyeṣṭhavat vartasva hi bhavān satatam
jyeṣṭhaḥ ca bhārata yā vṛttiḥ guroḥ garīyasī tat śiṣyasya

2. Bhishma said: "O dear one, behave like an elder, for you are always the elder. And, O Bharata, the conduct (expected from a younger person towards an elder) is more significant than that of a teacher (guru), and that is indeed the duty of a disciple."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ज्येष्ठवत् (jyeṣṭhavat) - like an elder

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment, addressing Yudhishthira respectfully) (O dear one, father, son)

• वर्तस्व (vartasva) - behave (behave, exist)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder, eldest, superior

• हि (hi) - for (for, indeed, because)

• सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - of a teacher (guru) (of a teacher (guru), from a teacher (guru))

• गरीयसी (garīyasī) - more significant (more important, weightier, greater)

• वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - conduct, duty (conduct, behavior, duty, livelihood)

• या (yā) - which (referring to vṛttiḥ) (which, who)

• च (ca) - and, also

• इत् (it) - indeed (indeed, thus, so)

• शिष्यस्य (śiṣyasya) - of a disciple

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Yudhishthira (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in Mahabharata), terrible, formidable

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

ज्येष्ठवत् (jyeṣṭhavat) - like an elder

(indeclinable)

Derived from jyeṣṭha (elder) with -vat suffix (like)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment, addressing Yudhishthira respectfully) (O dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment for addressing elders or youngsters)

वर्तस्व (vartasva) - behave (behave, exist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt

Imperative Middle

Imperative 2nd person singular, ātmanepada of √vṛt (to turn, to be)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - elder, eldest, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - elder, eldest, superior, principal

Superlative of yuvan (young) or praśasya (excellent)

हि (hi) - for (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

From sa + tata (spread out, continuous)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), being, existing

Present active participle of √bhū (to be), used as an honorific pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

गुरोः (guroḥ) - of a teacher (guru) (of a teacher (guru), from a teacher (guru))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor (guru), heavy, venerable

गरीयसी (garīyasī) - more significant (more important, weightier, greater)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, more important, greater, more venerable

Comparative of guru (heavy/important)

वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - conduct, duty (conduct, behavior, duty, livelihood)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - conduct, behavior, course of action, livelihood, mode of life

From √vṛt (to turn, to be)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

या (yā) - which (referring to vṛttiḥ) (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इत् (it) - indeed (indeed, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Used as an emphatic particle. Sandhi from 'cec' = 'ca' + 'it'.

शिष्यस्य (śiṣyasya) - of a disciple

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

Gerundive

From √śās (to teach) + ya suffix; can also be used as a noun.

Root: śās (class 2)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Yudhishthira (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to India, inhabitant of Bhāratavarṣa