महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-108, verse-16

ज्येष्ठो भ्राता पितृसमो मृते पितरि भारत ।
स ह्येषां वृत्तिदाता स्यात्स चैतान्परिपालयेत् ॥१६॥

16. jyeṣṭho bhrātā pitṛsamo mṛte pitari bhārata ,
sa hyeṣāṁ vṛttidātā syātsa caitānparipālayet.

16. jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā pitṛsamaḥ mṛte pitari bhārata saḥ
hi eṣām vṛttidātā syāt saḥ ca etān paripālayet

16. bhārata pitari mṛte jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā pitṛsamaḥ saḥ
hi eṣām vṛttidātā syāt ca saḥ etān paripālayet

16. O Bhārata, when the father has died, the eldest brother is like a father. Indeed, he should be the provider of livelihood for them, and he should protect them.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest (eldest, oldest, chief, principal, superior)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• पितृसमः (pitṛsamaḥ) - equal to a father, like a father

• मृते (mṛte) - having died (died, deceased)

• पितरि (pitari) - when the father (is dead) (in the father, regarding the father)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (as an address to a person, e.g., Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the eldest brother) (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• एषाम् (eṣām) - for them (the younger family members) (of these, of them)

• वृत्तिदाता (vṛttidātā) - provider of livelihood (provider of livelihood, maintainer)

• स्यात् (syāt) - he should be, may he be

• सः (saḥ) - he (the eldest brother) (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतान् (etān) - them (the younger family members) (these (masculine plural))

• परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - he should protect and maintain (one should protect, maintain, cherish)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest (eldest, oldest, chief, principal, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, principal, superior

Superlative degree of 'vṛddha' (old)

Note: Agrees with 'bhrātā'.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Subject.

पितृसमः (pitṛsamaḥ) - equal to a father, like a father

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛsama

pitṛsama - equal to a father, like a father

Compound of 'pitṛ' (father) and 'sama' (equal)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+sama)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, like, similar, same
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhrātā'.

मृते (mṛte) - having died (died, deceased)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction 'mṛte pitari'.

पितरि (pitari) - when the father (is dead) (in the father, regarding the father)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction 'mṛte pitari', indicating 'when the father has died'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (as an address to a person, e.g., Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

A patronymic from 'Bharata'

सः (saḥ) - he (the eldest brother) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the eldest brother.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एषाम् (eṣām) - for them (the younger family members) (of these, of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this (proximate demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Used in the sense of 'for them', indicating the younger siblings or family members.

वृत्तिदाता (vṛttidātā) - provider of livelihood (provider of livelihood, maintainer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛttidātṛ

vṛttidātṛ - provider of livelihood, maintainer

Compound of 'vṛtti' (livelihood, maintenance) and 'dātṛ' (giver, provider)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+dātṛ)

• vṛtti – livelihood, maintenance, existence, function
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to turn, to exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• dātṛ – giver, bestower, donor
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative.

स्यात् (syāt) - he should be, may he be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (the eldest brother) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the eldest brother.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतान् (etān) - them (the younger family members) (these (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this (proximate demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the younger family members who need protection.

परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - he should protect and maintain (one should protect, maintain, cherish)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of paripāl

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)