महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-41, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्रकृतीनां तु तद्वाक्यं देशकालोपसंहितम् ।
श्रुत्वा युधिष्ठिरो राजाथोत्तरं प्रत्यभाषत ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
prakṛtīnāṁ tu tadvākyaṁ deśakālopasaṁhitam ,
śrutvā yudhiṣṭhiro rājāthottaraṁ pratyabhāṣata.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca prakṛtīnām tu tat vākyam deśakālopasaṃhitam
śrutvā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā atha uttaram pratyabhāṣata

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tu deśakālopasaṃhitam
prakṛtīnām tat vākyam śrutvā atha uttaram pratyabhāṣata

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: King Yudhiṣṭhira, having heard that statement from the citizens (prakṛti) which was well-suited to the context of time and place, then spoke a reply.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रकृतीनाम् (prakṛtīnām) - of the citizens, of the subjects, of the constituents

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover

• तत् (tat) - that, such

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, statement, word

• देशकालोपसंहितम् (deśakālopasaṁhitam) - appropriate to time and place, relevant to circumstances, well-suited

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king, ruler)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - a reply, an answer, subsequent

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied, spoke in return

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रकृतीनाम् (prakṛtīnām) - of the citizens, of the subjects, of the constituents

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prakṛti

prakṛti - original or primary matter, nature, disposition, constituent, citizen, subject

From 'pra' (before, forth) + 'kṛ' (to make)

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, moreover

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, such

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, statement, word

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence, word

Derived from 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

देशकालोपसंहितम् (deśakālopasaṁhitam) - appropriate to time and place, relevant to circumstances, well-suited

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of deśakālopasaṃhita

deśakālopasaṁhita - appropriate to time and place, relevant to circumstances

Compound formed from 'deśa' (place), 'kāla' (time), and 'upasaṃhita' (endowed with, connected with)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deśa+kāla+upasaṃhita)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
  Root: diś (class 6)
• kāla – time, period, appropriate time
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 1)
• upasaṃhita – endowed with, connected with, appropriate, included
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of 'upasaṃ-dhā' (to combine, to connect)
  Prefixes: upa+sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Gerund of root 'śru' (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle) and 'sthira' (steady)

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms part of the sandhi 'athottaram' in 'roman_words_separated'.

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - a reply, an answer, subsequent

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - upper, later, subsequent, reply, answer

From 'ud' (up) + 'tṛ' (to cross)

Prefix: ud

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pratyabhāṣata'. Forms part of the sandhi 'athottaram' in 'roman_words_separated'.

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied, spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of prati-bhāṣ

Imperfect tense form of root 'bhāṣ' (to speak) with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)