महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-339, verse-1

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
शृणु पुत्र यथा ह्येष पुरुषः शाश्वतोऽव्ययः ।
अक्षयश्चाप्रमेयश्च सर्वगश्च निरुच्यते ॥१॥

1. brahmovāca ,
śṛṇu putra yathā hyeṣa puruṣaḥ śāśvato'vyayaḥ ,
akṣayaścāprameyaśca sarvagaśca nirucyate.

1. brahmā uvāca śṛṇu putra yathā hi eṣaḥ puruṣaḥ śāśvataḥ
avyayaḥ akṣayaḥ ca aprameyaḥ ca sarvagaḥ ca nirucyate

1. putra śṛṇu yathā hi eṣaḥ puruṣaḥ śāśvataḥ avyayaḥ
akṣayaḥ ca aprameyaḥ ca sarvagaḥ ca nirucyate

1. Brahmā said: "Listen, son, how this supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) is indeed described as eternal, unchangeable, imperishable, immeasurable, and all-pervading."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - The creator god Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator god))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Brahmā) (said, spoke)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (imperative command) (listen, hear)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (vocative) (son, child)

• यथा (yathā) - how, in what manner (as, just as, how)

• हि (hi) - indeed, emphasizes the statement (indeed, surely, for, because)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to puruṣa) (this, this one)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) (man, person, spirit, cosmic person)

• शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal (as an attribute of puruṣa) (eternal, perpetual, constant)

• अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - unchangeable (as an attribute of puruṣa) (unchangeable, imperishable, indeclinable)

• अक्षयः (akṣayaḥ) - imperishable (as an attribute of puruṣa) (imperishable, undiminishing, eternal)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अप्रमेयः (aprameyaḥ) - immeasurable (as an attribute of puruṣa) (immeasurable, incomprehensible, unknowable)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading (as an attribute of puruṣa) (all-pervading, omnipresent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निरुच्यते (nirucyate) - is described, is spoken of (is declared, is described, is stated)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - The creator god Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator god), the Absolute, sacred word

Root: bṛh (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Brahmā) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

root 'vac', perfect third person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (imperative command) (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

root 'śru', imperative second person singular

Root: śru (class 5)

पुत्र (putra) - O son (vocative) (son, child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

यथा (yathā) - how, in what manner (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, emphasizes the statement (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to puruṣa) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) (man, person, spirit, cosmic person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, spirit, soul, the supreme being (as in Sāṅkhya or Vedānta)

शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal (as an attribute of puruṣa) (eternal, perpetual, constant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent

derived from 'śaśvat' (always)

अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - unchangeable (as an attribute of puruṣa) (unchangeable, imperishable, indeclinable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyaya

avyaya - unchangeable, imperishable, indestructible, indeclinable

A-privative + vyaya (expense, decay)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vyaya – decay, decline, loss, change
  noun (masculine)
  from 'vi-i' (to go apart)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

अक्षयः (akṣayaḥ) - imperishable (as an attribute of puruṣa) (imperishable, undiminishing, eternal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, undiminishing, undecaying, eternal

A-privative + kṣaya (decay, destruction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss, end
  noun (masculine)
  from 'kṣi' (to destroy)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अप्रमेयः (aprameyaḥ) - immeasurable (as an attribute of puruṣa) (immeasurable, incomprehensible, unknowable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprameya

aprameya - immeasurable, incomprehensible, unquantifiable, unknowable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

A-privative + prameya (that which is measurable/knowable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+prameya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• prameya – measurable, knowable, provable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  prefix pra- + root mā (to measure) + -ya suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading (as an attribute of puruṣa) (all-pervading, omnipresent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvaga

sarvaga - all-pervading, omnipresent, going everywhere

compound 'sarva' (all) + 'ga' (going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+ga)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, reaching
  adjective (masculine)
  nominalized root
  from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

निरुच्यते (nirucyate) - is described, is spoken of (is declared, is described, is stated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present passive

prefix 'nir-' + root 'vac', present third person singular, passive voice

Prefix: nir

Root: vac (class 2)