महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-333, verse-23

एतदर्थं शुभमते पितरः पिण्डसंज्ञिताः ।
लभन्ते सततं पूजां वृषाकपिवचो यथा ॥२३॥

23. etadarthaṁ śubhamate pitaraḥ piṇḍasaṁjñitāḥ ,
labhante satataṁ pūjāṁ vṛṣākapivaco yathā.

23. etat artham śubha-mate pitaraḥ piṇḍa-saṃjñitāḥ
labhante satatam pūjām vṛṣākapi-vacaḥ yathā

23. śubha-mate etat artham vṛṣākapi-vacaḥ yathā
piṇḍa-saṃjñitāḥ pitaraḥ satatam pūjām labhante

23. For this reason, O wise one, the ancestors (pitṛs) who are known through the `piṇḍa` oblations constantly receive worship, in accordance with the words of Vṛṣākapi.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding actions/statement) (this, this one)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for this purpose, reason (for the sake of, purpose, meaning, wealth)

• शुभ-मते (śubha-mate) - O wise one (O good-minded one, O wise one)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the ancestors (pitṛs) (fathers, ancestors)

• पिण्ड-संज्ञिताः (piṇḍa-saṁjñitāḥ) - who are known through the `piṇḍa` oblations (named piṇḍa, known as piṇḍa, associated with piṇḍa)

• लभन्ते (labhante) - constantly receive (they obtain, they receive)

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)

• पूजाम् (pūjām) - worship (worship, honor, reverence)

• वृषाकपि-वचः (vṛṣākapi-vacaḥ) - the words of Vṛṣākapi (the word/speech of Vrishakapi)

• यथा (yathā) - in accordance with, just as (as, just as, according to)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the preceding actions/statement) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun stem.

Note: It's the first part of the compound `etad artham`.

अर्थम् (artham) - for this purpose, reason (for the sake of, purpose, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, meaning, wealth, cause, for the sake of

`a`-ending masculine noun. When used as a suffix in compounds, it indicates 'for the purpose of'.

Note: Forms `etad artham` which means 'for this purpose'.

शुभ-मते (śubha-mate) - O wise one (O good-minded one, O wise one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śubha-mati

śubha-mati - good-minded, wise, of good intellect

Compound. `i`-ending feminine noun (mati) used as a Bahuvrihi adjective.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (śubha+mati)

• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful, pure
  adjective (neuter)
  `a`-ending adjective.
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)
  `i`-ending feminine noun.
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Addressing the listener (implicitly the brahmin from the previous verse).

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the ancestors (pitṛs) (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, paternal forefathers (in plural)

`ṛ`-ending masculine noun.

Note: Subject of `labhante`.

पिण्ड-संज्ञिताः (piṇḍa-saṁjñitāḥ) - who are known through the `piṇḍa` oblations (named piṇḍa, known as piṇḍa, associated with piṇḍa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of piṇḍa-saṃjñita

piṇḍa-saṁjñita - named as `piṇḍa`, designated by `piṇḍa`, associated with `piṇḍa`

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `piṇḍa` and `saṃjñita` (known, named).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (piṇḍa+saṃjñita)

• piṇḍa – rice-ball oblation, lump, body
  noun (masculine)
  `a`-ending masculine noun.
• saṃjñita – named, called, designated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √jñā (to know) with prefix `sam`, then suffix `-ita` (past passive participle).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `pitaraḥ`.

लभन्ते (labhante) - constantly receive (they obtain, they receive)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present middle indicative 3rd plural

From root √labh (1st class), Ātmanepada.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: The verb for `pitaraḥ`.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

`a`-ending adjective. Used adverbially here.

Note: Adverb modifying `labhante`.

पूजाम् (pūjām) - worship (worship, honor, reverence)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūjā

pūjā - worship, honor, reverence, adoration

`ā`-ending feminine noun.

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Object of `labhante`.

वृषाकपि-वचः (vṛṣākapi-vacaḥ) - the words of Vṛṣākapi (the word/speech of Vrishakapi)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛṣākapi-vacas

vṛṣākapi-vacas - the words or speech of Vrishakapi

Compound. `s`-ending neuter noun (`vacas`).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vṛṣākapi+vacas)

• vṛṣākapi – Vrishakapi (an epithet for Indra, Vishnu, Shiva)
  proper noun (masculine)
  `i`-ending masculine noun.
• vacas – speech, word, utterance
  noun (neuter)
  `s`-ending neuter noun. From root √vac (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Here it acts adverbially with `yathā`.

यथा (yathā) - in accordance with, just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner.