महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-282, verse-9

यो हृत्वा गोसहस्राणि नृपो दद्यादरक्षिता ।
स शब्दमात्रफलभाग्राजा भवति तस्करः ॥९॥

9. yo hṛtvā gosahasrāṇi nṛpo dadyādarakṣitā ,
sa śabdamātraphalabhāgrājā bhavati taskaraḥ.

9. yaḥ hṛtvā gosahasrāṇi nṛpaḥ dadyāt arakṣitā
saḥ śabdamātraphalabhāk rājā bhavati taskaraḥ

9. yaḥ nṛpaḥ gosahasrāṇi hṛtvā arakṣitā dadyāt
saḥ rājā śabdamātraphalabhāk taskaraḥ bhavati

9. A king who, after stealing thousands of cows, gives them away (cows that he did not protect, i.e., unlawfully acquired), becomes a mere thief, enjoying only the superficial reputation (lit. 'fruit of mere words') of giving.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who

• हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen, having seized

• गोसहस्राणि (gosahasrāṇi) - thousands of cows

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give

• अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - referring to the stolen cows as not being under the king's legitimate protection, or to the act of giving them without proper protection/sanction. (unprotected, not protected)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• शब्दमात्रफलभाक् (śabdamātraphalabhāk) - enjoying the fruit of mere words, having only a nominal reward/reputation

• राजा (rājā) - king

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• तस्करः (taskaraḥ) - thief, robber

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen, having seized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root hṛ (class 1) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

गोसहस्राणि (gosahasrāṇi) - thousands of cows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of gosahasra

gosahasra - a thousand cows

Compound type : Tatpurusha (go+sahasra)

• go – cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From nṛ (man) + pā (to protect).

Root: pā

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (Vidhi Liṅ) of dā

Potential Active

From the root dā (class 3) in the potential mood (Vidhi Liṅ).

Root: dā (class 3)

अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - referring to the stolen cows as not being under the king's legitimate protection, or to the act of giving them without proper protection/sanction. (unprotected, not protected)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of arakṣita

arakṣita - unprotected, unguarded, not preserved

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a (not) and rakṣita (protected, past passive participle of rakṣ 'to protect').

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣita)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• rakṣita – protected, guarded, preserved
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root rakṣ (to protect).
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

शब्दमात्रफलभाक् (śabdamātraphalabhāk) - enjoying the fruit of mere words, having only a nominal reward/reputation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabdamātraphalabhāj

śabdamātraphalabhāj - partaking of the fruit of mere words, having only a verbal reward, receiving empty praise

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (śabda+mātra+phala+bhāj)

• śabda – word, sound
  noun (masculine)
• mātra – mere, only, simply
  adjective
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)
• bhāj – partaker, sharer, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  From the root bhaj (to share, enjoy).
  Root: bhaj

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

From the root bhū (class 1).

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्करः (taskaraḥ) - thief, robber

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taskara

taskara - thief, robber, plunderer