महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-282, verse-1

पराशर उवाच ।
वृत्तिः सकाशाद्वर्णेभ्यस्त्रिभ्यो हीनस्य शोभना ।
प्रीत्योपनीता निर्दिष्टा धर्मिष्ठान्कुरुते सदा ॥१॥

1. parāśara uvāca ,
vṛttiḥ sakāśādvarṇebhyastribhyo hīnasya śobhanā ,
prītyopanītā nirdiṣṭā dharmiṣṭhānkurute sadā.

1. parāśaraḥ uvāca vṛttiḥ sakāśāt varṇebhyaḥ tribhyaḥ hīnasya
śobhanā prītyā upanītā nirdiṣṭā dharmiṣṭhān kurute sadā

1. parāśaraḥ uvāca vṛttiḥ śobhanā,
yā varṇebhyaḥ tribhyaḥ sakāśāt hīnasya (asti),
prītyā upanītā nirdiṣṭā ca (sā) sadā dharmiṣṭhān kurute

1. Parāśara said: An excellent livelihood that comes from the three (higher) social classes, intended for the one who is inferior to them (the śūdra), when it is offered with affection and prescribed (by scriptures), always makes (the recipient) most righteous (dharmiṣṭha).

Words meanings summery:

• पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parāśara (a sage, father of Vyāsa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke

• वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - livelihood; profession; conduct; mode of being

• सकाशात् (sakāśāt) - from; from the presence of; from the vicinity of

• वर्णेभ्यः (varṇebhyaḥ) - from the social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya) (from the social classes; from the colors; to the social classes)

• त्रिभ्यः (tribhyaḥ) - from the three; to the three

• हीनस्य (hīnasya) - of the śūdra (as inferior to the three higher varṇas) (of the inferior; of the deficient; of the lower)

• शोभना (śobhanā) - excellent; beautiful; auspicious; shining

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - by affection; with love; by pleasure

• उपनीता (upanītā) - brought near; offered; initiated; performed

• निर्दिष्टा (nirdiṣṭā) - declared; prescribed; indicated; pointed out

• धर्मिष्ठान् (dharmiṣṭhān) - most righteous; most virtuous; strictly adhering to natural law (dharma)

• कुरुते (kurute) - makes; does; performs

• सदा (sadā) - always; ever; constantly

Words meanings and morphology

पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parāśara (a sage, father of Vyāsa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśara

parāśara - name of a celebrated sage, father of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - livelihood; profession; conduct; mode of being

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood; profession; conduct; mode of action; commentary

Derived from root `vṛt` (to turn, to be, to exist).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सकाशात् (sakāśāt) - from; from the presence of; from the vicinity of

(indeclinable)

वर्णेभ्यः (varṇebhyaḥ) - from the social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya) (from the social classes; from the colors; to the social classes)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color; social class (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra); letter; quality

त्रिभ्यः (tribhyaḥ) - from the three; to the three

(adjective)

Ablative, plural of tri

tri - three

हीनस्य (hīnasya) - of the śūdra (as inferior to the three higher varṇas) (of the inferior; of the deficient; of the lower)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient; lacking; abandoned; inferior; low

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `hā` (to abandon, forsake, leave behind), also 'to lose', 'to decrease'. Here meaning 'inferior'.

Root: hā (class 3)

शोभना (śobhanā) - excellent; beautiful; auspicious; shining

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śobhana

śobhana - beautiful; excellent; auspicious; shining

Derived from root `śubh` (to shine, to be beautiful).

Root: śubh (class 1)

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - by affection; with love; by pleasure

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - love; affection; joy; pleasure

Derived from root `prī` (to please, to love).

Root: prī (class 9)

उपनीता (upanītā) - brought near; offered; initiated; performed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upanīta

upanīta - brought near; offered; initiated; performed; taught

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `upa` + root `nī` (to lead, guide).

Prefix: upa

Root: nī (class 1)

निर्दिष्टा (nirdiṣṭā) - declared; prescribed; indicated; pointed out

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirdiṣṭa

nirdiṣṭa - declared; prescribed; indicated; pointed out; mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `nis` + root `diś` (to show, point).

Prefix: nis

Root: diś (class 6)

धर्मिष्ठान् (dharmiṣṭhān) - most righteous; most virtuous; strictly adhering to natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharmiṣṭha

dharmiṣṭha - most righteous; most virtuous; strictly adhering to natural law (dharma)

Superlative form of `dharmika` (righteous).

कुरुते (kurute) - makes; does; performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सदा (sadā) - always; ever; constantly

(indeclinable)