महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-282, verse-12

अजिह्मैरशठक्रोधैर्हव्यकव्यप्रयोक्तृभिः ।
शूद्रैर्निर्मार्जनं कार्यमेवं धर्मो न नश्यति ॥१२॥

12. ajihmairaśaṭhakrodhairhavyakavyaprayoktṛbhiḥ ,
śūdrairnirmārjanaṁ kāryamevaṁ dharmo na naśyati.

12. ajihmaiḥ aśaṭhakrodhaiḥ havya-kavya-prayoktṛbhiḥ
śūtraiḥ nirmārjanam kāryam evam dharmaḥ na naśyati

12. śūtraiḥ nirmārjanam kāryam ajihmaiḥ aśaṭhakrodhaiḥ
havya-kavya-prayoktṛbhiḥ evam dharmaḥ na naśyati

12. The task of cleansing should be performed by the Shudras, and those who offer oblations to the gods (havya) and ancestors (kavya) should be straightforward, free from deceit and anger. In this manner, the natural law (dharma) does not perish.

Words meanings summery:

• अजिह्मैः (ajihmaiḥ) - by those who are straightforward (by the honest, by the straightforward, by the non-crooked)

• अशठक्रोधैः (aśaṭhakrodhaiḥ) - by those free from deceit and anger

• हव्य-कव्य-प्रयोक्तृभिः (havya-kavya-prayoktṛbhiḥ) - by those who offer oblations to the gods and ancestors (by the performers of offerings to gods and ancestors)

• शूत्रैः (śūtraiḥ) - by the Shudras (members of the fourth social class) (by the Shudras)

• निर्मार्जनम् (nirmārjanam) - the task of cleansing (cleansing, purification, sweeping)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be performed (should be done, is to be performed, task)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• न (na) - not

• नश्यति (naśyati) - does not perish (perishes, is destroyed, disappears)

Words meanings and morphology

अजिह्मैः (ajihmaiḥ) - by those who are straightforward (by the honest, by the straightforward, by the non-crooked)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ajihma

ajihma - not crooked, straightforward, honest

Negative prefix a- + jihma (crooked, dishonest).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jihma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• jihma – crooked, oblique, dishonest
  adjective (masculine)

अशठक्रोधैः (aśaṭhakrodhaiḥ) - by those free from deceit and anger

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśaṭhakrodha

aśaṭhakrodha - free from deceit and anger, without treachery and rage

Compound. aśaṭha (not deceitful) and krodha (anger).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aśaṭha+krodha)

• aśaṭha – not deceitful, honest
  adjective (masculine)
  Nañ-tatpuruṣa: a (not) + śaṭha (deceitful).
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From root krus.
  Root: krus (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing the prayoktṛbhiḥ.

हव्य-कव्य-प्रयोक्तृभिः (havya-kavya-prayoktṛbhiḥ) - by those who offer oblations to the gods and ancestors (by the performers of offerings to gods and ancestors)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of havya-kavya-prayoktṛ

havya-kavya-prayoktṛ - performer of oblations to gods and ancestors

Agent Noun

Compound. havya (offering to gods) + kavya (offering to ancestors) + prayoktṛ (performer/user).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (havya+kavya+prayoktṛ)

• havya – oblation for gods, offering
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root hu + yat.
  Root: hu (class 3)
• kavya – oblation for ancestors, ancestral offering
  noun (neuter)
  From kavi (poet, wise man) or ku (earth) + yaṭ.
• prayoktṛ – performer, employer, user
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From pra + root yuj + suffix tṛ.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

शूत्रैः (śūtraiḥ) - by the Shudras (members of the fourth social class) (by the Shudras)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class

Note: Agent in passive construction. The original verse has 'śūdrair', which sandhi-wise becomes 'śūdraih' and then 'śūtraiḥ' after external sandhi is undone. 'śūdra' is the base.

निर्मार्जनम् (nirmārjanam) - the task of cleansing (cleansing, purification, sweeping)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirmārjana

nirmārjana - cleaning, sweeping, purification

Action Noun

From nir + root mṛj + suffix ana.

Prefix: nir

Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Subject of kāryam.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be performed (should be done, is to be performed, task)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, action

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root kṛ + suffix ṇyat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb.

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Particle

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit

From root dhṛ + suffix man.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of naśyati.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

नश्यति (naśyati) - does not perish (perishes, is destroyed, disappears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Root naś (4th class, divādigaṇa).

Root: naś (class 4)