महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-280, verse-8

किंकष्टमनुपश्यामि फलं पापस्य कर्मणः ।
प्रत्यापन्नस्य हि सतो नात्मा तावद्विरोचते ॥८॥

8. kiṁkaṣṭamanupaśyāmi phalaṁ pāpasya karmaṇaḥ ,
pratyāpannasya hi sato nātmā tāvadvirocate.

8. kim kaṣṭam anupaśyāmi phalam pāpasya karmaṇaḥ |
pratyāpannasya hi sataḥ na ātmā tāvat virocate

8. kim kaṣṭam pāpasya karmaṇaḥ phalam anupaśyāmi
hi pratyāpannasya sataḥ tāvat ātmā na virocate

8. What a calamity I perceive as the outcome of sinful action (karma)! Indeed, for one who has reverted (to sin), their inner self (ātman) no longer shines.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - What (an exclamation) (what, why, whether)

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - calamity, painful outcome (suffering, misery, distress, difficulty)

• अनुपश्यामि (anupaśyāmi) - I see, I perceive, I observe

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, outcome

• पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

• कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, of deed

• प्रत्यापन्नस्य (pratyāpannasya) - of one who has returned, of one who has relapsed

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• सतः (sataḥ) - of one who is (in that state) (of a being, of an existent one)

• न (na) - not, no

• आत्मा (ātmā) - inner self (self, soul, spirit, essence)

• तावत् (tāvat) - then, at all (so much, so far, then, meanwhile, at all)

• विरोचते (virocate) - shines forth, appears beautiful, becomes manifest

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - What (an exclamation) (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

Note: Functions as an interrogative/exclamatory particle.

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - calamity, painful outcome (suffering, misery, distress, difficulty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - suffering, misery, difficulty, pain; difficult, bad

Past Passive Participle of root kaṣ (to suffer, torment).

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of anupaśyāmi.

अनुपश्यामि (anupaśyāmi) - I see, I perceive, I observe

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anupaś

present indicative

From root dṛś (to see) with prefix anu, in present tense.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The speaker is observing the dire consequences.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, outcome

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

From root phal (to bear fruit).

Root: phal (class 1)

Note: It is the "fruit" which is kaṣṭam.

पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness; sinful, evil

Genitive singular of 'pāpa'.

Note: Qualifies karmaṇaḥ.

कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, of deed

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, fate, ritual

Genitive singular of 'karma'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies phalam (the fruit of action).

प्रत्यापन्नस्य (pratyāpannasya) - of one who has returned, of one who has relapsed

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pratyāpanna

pratyāpanna - returned, relapsed, fallen back

Past Passive Participle

From prati-ā-pad (to go back, return).

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies sataḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an intensifier and to provide explanation.

सतः (sataḥ) - of one who is (in that state) (of a being, of an existent one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous; a being, reality

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Complements pratyāpannasya.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

Note: Negates the verb virocate.

आत्मा (ātmā) - inner self (self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind

Root: an

Note: Subject of virocate.

तावत् (tāvat) - then, at all (so much, so far, then, meanwhile, at all)

(indeclinable)

Adverb from demonstrative tad.

Note: Denotes a temporal or emphatic nuance.

विरोचते (virocate) - shines forth, appears beautiful, becomes manifest

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of viruc

present indicative

From root ruc (to shine) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Expresses intrinsic brilliance or attractiveness.