महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-280, verse-19

नवे कपाले सलिलं संन्यस्तं हीयते यथा ।
नवेतरे तथाभावं प्राप्नोति सुखभावितम् ॥१९॥

19. nave kapāle salilaṁ saṁnyastaṁ hīyate yathā ,
navetare tathābhāvaṁ prāpnoti sukhabhāvitam.

19. nave kapāle salilam saṃnyastam hīyate yathā
nave itare tathābhāvam prāpnoti sukhabhāvitam

19. yathā salilam nave kapāle saṃnyastam hīyate tathā
nave itare sukhabhāvitam tathābhāvam prāpnoti

19. Just as water placed in a new (unseasoned) earthen pot is absorbed and diminishes, similarly, in a seasoned pot, it (the water) achieves a state where it is well-preserved and easily held.

Words meanings summery:

• नवे (nave) - in a new, on a new

• कपाले (kapāle) - in an earthen pot (in a pot, in a skull, in a shard)

• सलिलम् (salilam) - water

• संन्यस्तम् (saṁnyastam) - placed, deposited, thrown, abandoned

• हीयते (hīyate) - is lost, decreases, wastes away, is abandoned

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

• नवे (nave) - in a new

• इतरे (itare) - in the other (i.e. old/seasoned) pot (in the other, in the rest, in the second)

• तथाभावम् (tathābhāvam) - that state, such a condition, such a nature

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, reaches, attains

• सुखभावितम् (sukhabhāvitam) - well-preserved, easily held (easily retained, well-preserved, pleasantly conditioned, well-developed)

Words meanings and morphology

नवे (nave) - in a new, on a new

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nava

nava - new, fresh, young, recent

कपाले (kapāle) - in an earthen pot (in a pot, in a skull, in a shard)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kapāla

kapāla - skull, forehead, potsherd, earthen pot, pan

सलिलम् (salilam) - water

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water, fluid

From sa- (with) + lila (play, sport)

संन्यस्तम् (saṁnyastam) - placed, deposited, thrown, abandoned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃnyasta

saṁnyasta - placed, thrown, deposited, renounced, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From root as (to throw) with prefixes sam and ni

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: as (class 2)

हीयते (hīyate) - is lost, decreases, wastes away, is abandoned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of hī

Present indicative, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

From root hī (to abandon, be lost), often taken as passive of hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how

(indeclinable)

नवे (nave) - in a new

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nava

nava - new, fresh, young, recent

इतरे (itare) - in the other (i.e. old/seasoned) pot (in the other, in the rest, in the second)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different, the rest

तथाभावम् (tathābhāvam) - that state, such a condition, such a nature

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathābhāva

tathābhāva - such a state, such a nature, such a condition

From tathā (thus) + bhāva (state, condition)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+bhāva)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• bhāva – state, condition, nature, existence, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, reaches, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present indicative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra. Class 5 verb

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

सुखभावितम् (sukhabhāvitam) - well-preserved, easily held (easily retained, well-preserved, pleasantly conditioned, well-developed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sukhabhāvita

sukhabhāvita - well-cultivated, easily absorbed/retained, pleasantly disposed, happily brought about

Past Passive Participle

Formed from sukha (ease, happiness) and bhāvita (made, produced, cultivated)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sukha+bhāvita)

• sukha – ease, comfort, happiness, pleasure
  noun (neuter)
• bhāvita – made, produced, caused, cultivated, developed, seasoned
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhū (to be, to become) in causative sense (to cause to be) + P.P.P suffix -ta
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tathābhāvam' (masculine accusative singular)