महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-280, verse-10

विरक्तं शोध्यते वस्त्रं न तु कृष्णोपसंहितम् ।
प्रयत्नेन मनुष्येन्द्र पापमेवं निबोध मे ॥१०॥

10. viraktaṁ śodhyate vastraṁ na tu kṛṣṇopasaṁhitam ,
prayatnena manuṣyendra pāpamevaṁ nibodha me.

10. viraktam śodhyate vastram na tu kṛṣṇopasaṃhitam
| prayatnena manuṣyendra pāpam evam nibodha me

10. manuṣyendra viraktam vastram śodhyate tu
kṛṣṇopasaṃhitam na evam prayatnena me pāpam nibodha

10. A stained (virakta) cloth can be cleansed, but not one that is deeply stained black. O lord of men (manuṣyendra), in this way understand sin (pāpa) from me through diligent effort.

Words meanings summery:

• विरक्तम् (viraktam) - discoloured, stained (referring to cloth) (discoloured, faded, stained, indifferent, dispassionate)

• शोध्यते (śodhyate) - is cleansed (is purified, is cleansed, is refined)

• वस्त्रम् (vastram) - cloth (cloth, garment, dress)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• कृष्णोपसंहितम् (kṛṣṇopasaṁhitam) - deeply stained black (stained with black, tainted with darkness)

• प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - through diligent effort (by effort, with exertion, diligently)

• मनुष्येन्द्र (manuṣyendra) - O lord of men (O king of men, O lord of men)

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (pāpa) (sin, evil, vice, wickedness)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand (understand, know, perceive)

• मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, by me, from me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

विरक्तम् (viraktam) - discoloured, stained (referring to cloth) (discoloured, faded, stained, indifferent, dispassionate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of virakta

virakta - discoloured, faded, stained; dispassionate, indifferent; estranged

Past Passive Participle

From vi-rañj (to colour, stain) + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: rañj (class 1)

शोध्यते (śodhyate) - is cleansed (is purified, is cleansed, is refined)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śudh

Passive form of root śudh. From root śudh (class 4) + ya (passive suffix)

Root: śudh (class 4)

वस्त्रम् (vastram) - cloth (cloth, garment, dress)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastra

vastra - cloth, garment, dress

From root vas (to wear, to clothe) + tra (instrument suffix)

Root: vas (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

कृष्णोपसंहितम् (kṛṣṇopasaṁhitam) - deeply stained black (stained with black, tainted with darkness)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛṣṇopasaṃhita

kṛṣṇopasaṁhita - stained black, tinged with dark colour

Compound of kṛṣṇa and upasaṃhita

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛṣṇa+upasaṃhita)

• kṛṣṇa – black, dark; Krishna (name of deity)
  noun/adjective (masculine)
• upasaṃhita – joined, connected, covered, tinged, affected
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From upa-sam-dhā (to join, connect) + kta
  Prefixes: upa+sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for an implied vastram

प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - through diligent effort (by effort, with exertion, diligently)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prayatna

prayatna - effort, exertion, endeavour, diligence

From pra-yat (to strive) + na (suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

मनुष्येन्द्र (manuṣyendra) - O lord of men (O king of men, O lord of men)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of manuṣyendra

manuṣyendra - king of men, chief among men

Compound of manuṣya and indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuṣya+indra)

• manuṣya – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king; Indra (name of deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the listener

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (pāpa) (sin, evil, vice, wickedness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked, sinful; sin, vice, evil deed

From root pā (to protect - with negative connotation, or just derived without clear root association)

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand (understand, know, perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

From ni-budh. Root budh (class 1, 4). Imperative form.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, by me, from me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Pronominal stem

Note: Here, dative or genitive used in the sense of 'from me' (instructor)